Carbon dioxide is the major greenhouse gas and regards as the critical issue of global warming and climate changes. The inconspicuous microalgae are responsible for 40% of carbon fixation among all photosynthetic plants along with a higher photosynthetic efficiency and convert the carbon into lipids, protein, pigments, and bioactive compounds. Genetic approach and metabolic engineering are applied to accelerate the growth rate and biomass of microalgae, hence achieve the mission of carbon neutrality. Meanwhile, CRISPR/Cas9 is efficiently to enhance the productivity of high-value compounds in microalgae for it is easier operation, more affordable and is able to regulate multiple genes simultaneously. The genetic engineering strategies provide the multidisciplinary concept to evolute and increase the CO₂ fixation rate through Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle. Therefore, the technologies, bioinformatics tools, systematic engineering approaches for carbon neutrality and circular economy are summarized and leading one step closer to the decarbonization society in this review.

二氧化碳是主要的温室气体，被视为全球变暖和气候变化的关键问题。不起眼的微藻负责所有光合植物中 40% 的碳固定以及更高的光合效率，并将碳转化为脂质、蛋白质、色素和生物活性化合物。应用遗传方法和代谢工程来加速微藻的生长速度和生物量，从而实现碳中和的使命。同时，CRISPR/Cas9操作简单、价格低廉且能够同时调控多个基因，可有效提高微藻中高价值化合物的生产力。基因工程策略提供了进化和增加 CO _{2的多学科概念}通过 Calvin-Benson-Bassham 循环的固定率。因此，本综述总结了碳中和和循环经济的技术、生物信息学工具、系统工程方法，并向脱碳社会迈进了一步。