Lignocellulose represents the most abundant carbon-capturing substance that is convertible for biofuels and bioproduction. Although biomass pretreatments have been broadly applied to reduce lignocellulose recalcitrance for enhanced enzymatic saccharification, they mostly require strong conditions with potential secondary waste release. By classifying all major types of pretreatments that have been recently conducted with different sources of lignocellulose substrates, this study sorted out their distinct roles for wall polymer extraction and destruction, leading to the optimal pretreatments evaluated for cost-effective biomass enzymatic saccharification to maximize biofuel production. Notably, all undigestible lignocellulose residues are also aimed for effective conversion into value-added bioproduction. Meanwhile, desired pretreatments were proposed for the generation of highly-valuable nanomaterials such as cellulose nanocrystals, lignin nanoparticles, functional wood, carbon dots, porous and graphitic nanocarbons. Therefore, this article has proposed a novel strategy that integrates cost-effective and green-like pretreatments with desirable lignocellulose substrates for a full lignocellulose utilization with zero-biomass-waste liberation.

木质纤维素是最丰富的碳捕获物质，可转化为生物燃料和生物生产。尽管生物质预处理已被广泛应用于减少木质纤维素的顽固性以增强酶促糖化，但它们大多需要具有潜在二次废物释放的强条件。通过对最近使用不同来源的木质纤维素底物进行的所有主要类型的预处理进行分类，本研究梳理出它们在壁聚合物提取和破坏中的不同作用，从而得出最佳预处理，以评估具有成本效益的生物质酶促糖化，以最大限度地提高生物燃料产量. 值得注意的是，所有不可消化的木质纤维素残留物也旨在有效转化为增值生物生产。同时，为生成高价值的纳米材料，如纤维素纳米晶体、木质素纳米颗粒、功能性木材、碳点、多孔和石墨纳米碳，提出了所需的预处理。因此，这篇文章提出了一种新的策略，将具有成本效益和类似绿色的预处理与理想的木质纤维素底物相结合，以实现木质纤维素的充分利用和零生物质废物的释放。