Parent-adolescent interactions can be very loving, although both parties might not always agree. The level of and discrepancy between ratings on parenting style are indicators for functioning within the family, affecting adolescents' psychological adjustment. This 4-year multiinformant study focuses on emotional warmth in parenting as a precursor for changes in adolescents' psychological adjustment. Altogether, 1,817 German adolescents and their parents report on the quality of their parental warmth, and the former additionally rates their emotional and social problems. Combining the latent true intraindividual change (TIC) and latent congruence (LCM) models, the results indicated that a higher level of jointly perceived parental warmth is linked to more positive adjustment for adolescents, whereas a discrepant rating in terms of a parental overreporting is associated with a lower adjustment. The meaning of shared and discrepant mother-adolescent and father-adolescent ratings for adolescents' psychological adjustment during late childhood and early adolescence is discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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青少年在挑战时期的心理调整：母亲、父亲和青少年对父母温暖评级的作用。

父母与青少年的互动可以是非常有爱的，尽管双方可能并不总是意见一致。父母教养方式评分的高低和差异是衡量家庭功能的指标，影响青少年的心理调适。这项为期 4 年的多信息研究重点关注育儿中的情感温暖，作为青少年心理适应变化的先兆。总共有 1,817 名德国青少年和他们的父母报告了他们父母温暖的质量，前者还对他们的情绪和社会问题进行了评级。结合潜在真实个体内部变化 (TIC) 和潜在一致性 (LCM) 模型，结果表明，更高水平的共同感知的父母温暖与青少年更积极的调整有关，而在父母过度报告方面的差异评级与较低的调整相关。讨论了儿童后期和青春期早期青少年心理调整的共享和差异母亲-青少年和父亲-青少年评级的意义。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。