This study presents indium-doped calcium tungstate for the first time. The photocatalytic and photoluminescent properties of pure and In³⁺ doped samples were investigated. All pure and indium-doped calcium tungstate particles were synthesized for 30 minutes by two different methods: the sonochemical method (SM) and the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (SEM-FEG), UV-Visible spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, and zeta potential analysis. The diffractogram results confirmed the formation of scheelite crystalline structures without forming deleterious phases. The SEM-FEG images show the powder with irregular morphology and agglomerated as rods and kibes. For both methods, samples with 8% In³⁺ ions showed lower PL intensities with maximum peaks at 479 and 483 nm, suggesting lower e⁻/h⁺ pair recombination, which led these samples to present better photocatalytic performance. The photocatalytic activity was estimated from the degradation of the methylene blue (MB) dye under UV light and the sample stability was tested in 3 reuse cycles. The scavenger methodology indicated that h⁺ is the most active mechanism in the photocatalysis process. The degradation of the dye mixture (MB, MO, and RhB dyes) was also performed.

中文翻译：

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使用声化学和微波辅助水热法合成的掺铟 CaWO4 光催化降解亚甲基蓝和染料混合物

本研究首次介绍了掺杂铟的钨酸钙。^{纯In和In 3+}的光催化和光致发光性能掺杂样品进行了调查。所有纯的和掺铟的钨酸钙颗粒均通过两种不同的方法合成 30 分钟：声化学法 (SM) 和微波辅助水热法。通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、场发射电子枪扫描电子显微镜 (SEM-FEG)、紫外-可见光谱、Brunauer-Emmett-Teller 方法和 zeta 电位分析对纳米粒子进行了表征。衍射图结果证实白钨矿晶体结构的形成没有形成有害相。SEM-FEG 图像显示粉末具有不规则形态并团聚为棒状和粗粒状。对于这两种方法，具有 8% In ³⁺离子的样品显示较低的 PL 强度，最大峰位于 479 和 483 nm，表明较低的 e ⁻ /h⁺对重组，使这些样品呈现出更好的光催化性能。光催化活性是根据亚甲基蓝 (MB) 染料在紫外光下的降解来估计的，样品稳定性在 3 个再利用循环中进行了测试。清除剂方法表明 h ⁺是光催化过程中最活跃的机制。还进行了染料混合物（MB、MO 和 RhB 染料）的降解。