Archaeological textile remains from Antiquity are rare due to their perishable nature. In certain cases, the conservation of the morphology and / or of chemical signatures can be exquisite. Detailed archaeological information on the social and cultural life of past societies, such as on funerary practices, can then be deduced from their study. In temperate climates, these cases of exceptional preservation mainly involve textiles closely associated with corroded metal artefacts (i.e. copper or iron based), through a process called mineralisation. An essential step in understanding these textiles is the study of morphometric parameters documenting their manufacturing processes, which is carried out by archaeologists under the name of technical analysis. In this article, we show how the use of high-resolution synchrotron-based microtomography ($\mathrm{\mu }$CT) can contribute to performing a non-invasive 3D technical analysis of archaeological textiles and overpass several limitations of the conventional techniques. We show that several standard parameters (e.g. weave type, type of yarn, direction of twist, thread count) characterising the manufacturing of these ancient textiles can be determined, while some of them are very difficult to obtain using optical and electronic microscopies. In addition, the statistical representativeness of the data can be examined. The comparison between the three approaches – manual measurements either from surface microscopy or from selected virtual sections and automated analysis on 3D volumes – leads to question the differences between the quantitative results obtained. While the manual selection of measurement points is inherently associated to perceptual biases, the automated process may also come with limitations and biases which we detail in order to make the method more robust for future use. We analyse these implications by studying a textile from the locality of Le Paradis in Creney-près-Troyes (Aube, France, 5th century BC), taken as a typical case of fragmentary textile difficult to analyse by standard analytical methods.

由于易腐烂的性质，来自古代的考古纺织品遗迹很少见。在某些情况下，形态守恒和 / 或化学签名可以是精美的。然后可以从他们的研究中推断出关于过去社会的社会和文化生活的详细考古信息，例如关于丧葬习俗的信息。在温带气候下，这些特殊保存的案例主要涉及通过称为矿化的过程与腐蚀金属人工制品（即铜或铁基）密切相关的纺织品。了解这些纺织品的一个重要步骤是研究记录其制造过程的形态参数，这是由考古学家以技术分析的名义进行的。在本文中，我们展示了如何使用基于高分辨率同步加速器的显微断层扫描（$\mathrm{\mu }$CT) 有助于对考古纺织品进行非侵入式 3D 技术分析，并克服传统技术的几个局限性。我们表明，可以确定表征这些古代纺织品制造的几个标准参数（例如编织类型、纱线类型、捻向、线数），而其中一些很难使用光学和电子显微镜获得。此外，可以检查数据的统计代表性。三种方法之间的比较——从表面显微镜或选定的虚拟切片进行手动测量，以及对 3D 体积进行自动分析——导致质疑所获得的定量结果之间的差异。虽然手动选择测量点本质上与感知偏差有关，自动化过程也可能带有局限性和偏见，我们详细说明是为了使该方法在未来的使用中更加稳健。我们通过研究来自 Creney-près-Troyes（法国奥布，公元前 5 世纪）Le Paradis 地区的纺织品来分析这些影响，将其作为难以通过标准分析方法分析的零碎纺织品的典型案例。