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Comparison of OCO-2 target observations to MUCCnet – is it possible to capture urban XCO2 gradients from space?
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-11-17 , DOI: 10.5194/amt-15-6605-2022
Maximilian Rißmann, Jia Chen, Gregory Osterman, Xinxu Zhao, Florian Dietrich, Moritz Makowski, Frank Hase, Matthäus Kiel

In this paper, we compare Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) measurements of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions (DMF) of CO2 (XCO2) and its urban–rural differences against ground-based remote sensing data measured by the Munich Urban Carbon Column network (MUCCnet). Since April 2020, OCO-2 has regularly conducted target observations in Munich, Germany. Its target-mode data provide high-resolution XCO2 within a 15 km× 20 km target field of view that is greatly suited for carbon emission studies from space in cities and agglomerated areas. OCO-2 detects urban XCO2 with a root mean square different (RMSD) of less than 1 ppm when compared to the MUCCnet reference site. OCO-2 target XCO2 is biased high against the ground-based measurements. The close proximity of MUCCnet's five fully automated remote sensing sites enables us to compare spaceborne and ground-based XCO2 in three urban areas of Munich separately (center, north, and west) by dividing the target field into three smaller comparison domains. Due to this more constrained collocation, we observe improved agreement between spaceborne and ground-based XCO2 in all three comparison domains.For the first time, XCO2 gradients within one OCO-2 target field of view are evaluated against ground-based measurements. We compare XCO2 gradients in the OCO-2 target observations to gradients captured by collocated MUCCnet sites. Generally, OCO-2 detects elevated XCO2 in the same regions as the ground-based monitoring network. More than 90 % of the observed spaceborne gradients have the same orientation as the XCO2 gradients measured by MUCCnet. During our study, urban–rural enhancements are found to be in the range of 0.1 to 1 ppm. The low urban–rural gradients of typically well below 1 ppm in Munich during our study allow us to test OCO-2's lower detection limits for intra-urban XCO2 gradients. Urban XCO2 gradients recorded by the OCO-2 instruments and MUCCnet are strongly correlated (R2=0.68) with each other and have an RMSD of 0.32 ppm. A case study, which includes a comparison of one OCO-2 target overpass to WRF-GHG modeled XCO2, reveals a similar distribution of enhanced CO2 column abundances in Munich. In this study, we address OCO-2's capability to detect small-scale spatial XCO2 differences within one target observation. Our results suggest OCO-2's potential to assess anthropogenic emissions from space.

中文翻译:

OCO-2 目标观测与 MUCCnet 的比较——是否有可能从空间捕获城市 XCO2 梯度?

在本文中,我们比较了轨道碳观测站 2 (OCO-2) 对CO 2 (X一氧化碳2个) 及其与慕尼黑城市碳柱网络 (MUCCnet) 测量的地面遥感数据的城乡差异。自2020年4月以来,OCO-2定期在德国慕尼黑进行目标观测。其目标模式数据提供高分辨率 X一氧化碳2个在 15 公里×  20 公里的目标视野范围内,非常适合城市和集聚区空间碳排放研究。OCO-2 检测城市X一氧化碳2个与MUCCnet 参考站点相比,均方根差 (RMSD) 小于 1  ppm 。OCO-2目标X一氧化碳2个与基于地面的测量值相比偏高。MUCCnet 的五个全自动遥感站点非常接近,使我们能够比较星载和地面X一氧化碳2个通过将目标字段划分为三个较小的比较域,分别在慕尼黑的三个市区(中心、北部和西部)。由于这种更受限制的搭配,我们观察到星载和地面之间的一致性有所提高X一氧化碳2个在所有三个比较域中。这是第一次,X一氧化碳2个OCO-2 目标视场内的梯度根据地面测量值进行评估。我们比较 X一氧化碳2个OCO-2 中的梯度目标观察到由并置的 MUCCnet 站点捕获的梯度。通常,OCO-2 检测升高的 X一氧化碳2个在与地面监测网络相同的区域。超过 90% 的观测到的星载梯度与X一氧化碳2个MUCCnet 测量的梯度。在我们的研究中,城乡之间的增效被发现在 0.1 到 1  ppm的范围内。在我们的研究期间,慕尼黑的低城乡梯度通常远低于 1  ppm,这使我们能够测试 OCO-2 在城市内部的较低检测限X一氧化碳2个梯度。城市的X一氧化碳2个OCO-2 仪器和 MUCCnet 记录的梯度彼此密切相关 ( R 2 =0.68 ),RMSD 为 0.32  ppm。案例研究,其中包括一个 OCO-2 目标立交桥与 WRF-GHG 模型的比较X一氧化碳2个,揭示了慕尼黑增强型CO 2柱丰度的类似分布。在这项研究中,我们解决了 OCO-2 检测小尺度空间的能力X一氧化碳2个一个目标观察中的差异。我们的结果表明 OCO-2 具有评估太空人为排放的潜力。
更新日期:2022-11-17
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