Nanometric topological spin textures, such as skyrmions (Sks) and antiskyrmions (antiSks), have attracted much attention recently. However, most studies have focused on two-dimensional spin textures in films with inherent or synthetic antisymmetric spin-exchange interaction, termed Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, although three-dimensional (3D) topological spin textures, such as antiSks composed of alternating Bloch- and Néel-type spin spirals, chiral bobbers carrying emergent magnetic monopoles, and deformed Sk strings, are ubiquitous. To elucidate these textures, we have developed a 3D nanometric magnetic imaging technique, tomographic Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The approach enables the visualization of the 3D shape of magnetic objects and their 3D vector field mapping. Here we report 3D vector field maps of deformed Sk-strings and antiSk using the technique. This research approach will lead to discoveries and understanding of fertile 3D magnetic structures in a broad class of magnets, providing insight into 3D topological magnetism.

中文翻译：

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三维 Antiskyrmions 和 Skyrmion 弦的真实空间观测

纳米拓扑自旋纹理，如 skyrmions (Sks) 和 antiskyrmions (antiSks)，最近引起了广泛关注。然而，大多数研究都集中在具有固有或合成的反对称自旋交换相互作用的薄膜中的二维自旋纹理，称为 Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya 相互作用，尽管三维 (3D) 拓扑自旋纹理，例如由交替的 Bloch- 和Néel 型自旋螺旋、携带突现磁单极子的手性浮子和变形的 Sk 弦无处不在。为了阐明这些纹理，我们开发了一种 3D 纳米磁成像技术，即层析洛伦兹透射电子显微镜 (TEM)。该方法可以实现磁性物体的 3D 形状及其 3D 矢量场映射的可视化。在这里，我们使用该技术报告了变形 Sk 弦和 antiSk 的 3D 矢量场图。这种研究方法将导致在一大类磁体中发现和理解肥沃的 3D 磁结构，从而提供对 3D 拓扑磁学的洞察力。