The emergence of on-skin electronics with functions in human–machine interfaces and on-body sensing calls for the development of smart flexible batteries with high performance. Electrochromic energy-storage devices provide a visual indication of the capacity through a real-time change in color without any additional power supply. In this study, dual-function battery and supercapacitor devices for skin-interfaced wearable electronics are developed by a simple and scalable transfer printing method, featuring a thickness of less than 50 μm. Supercapacitive and battery-type devices with areal capacities of 113.4 mF cm^–2 and 6.1 μAh cm^–2, respectively, are achieved by assembling electrochromic cathodes, hydrogel film electrolyte, and zinc anode. The high flexibility of the ultrathin energy devices endows them with good conformity on arbitrarily shaped surfaces, including elastic human skin, further enhancing the capability of intrinsically non-stretchable thin-film electronics. Our results provide a pathway for the development of versatile electronic skins and next-generation wearable electronics.

中文翻译：

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用于皮肤接口可穿戴电子产品的超薄智能储能设备

具有人机界面和体感功能的皮肤电子产品的出现要求开发高性能的智能柔性电池。电致变色储能设备通过颜色的实时变化提供容量的视觉指示，无需任何额外电源。在这项研究中，用于皮肤接口可穿戴电子设备的双功能电池和超级电容器设备是通过一种简单且可扩展的转印方法开发的，其厚度小于 50 μm。^{面积容量为 113.4 mF cm –2}和 6.1 μAh cm ^–2的超级电容和电池型设备分别通过组装电致变色阴极、水凝胶薄膜电解质和锌阳极来实现。超薄能源设备的高柔韧性使其在任意形状的表面（包括弹性人体皮肤）上具有良好的贴合性，进一步增强了本质上不可拉伸的薄膜电子产品的能力。我们的研究结果为开发多功能电子皮肤和下一代可穿戴电子产品提供了途径。