We evaluated spatiotemporal characteristics of the wind power density (WPD) in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. An hourly wind speed data from ERA5 of ECMWF is used covering 62 years between 1959 and 2020. Spatial distributions of WPD at 100 m altitude at monthly, yearly, and seasonal timescales are revealed. The average WPD in the study area is 373 W/m², where the spatial maximums in the 62-year average map reach up to 1116 W/m². The spatial distribution of yearly mean WPD considering 13 sub-basins revealed that the two most prominent regions are the Gulf of Lion and the Aegean Sea. The diurnal variation of WPD showed over ± 10 % variability within the considered sub-basins. Five commercial turbines are selected to investigate their performance in the study area. The capacity factors, and operational and rated power time percentages are spatially mapped. The variability in the WPD is investigated using several indicators of yearly variability index, intra-annual variability index, coefficient of variation, robust coefficient of variation, inter-quartile range, and inter-quartile ratio. The long-term trend in the monthly-mean values is investigated and it is revealed that the statistically significant downward trends manifest themselves in the Levantine Basin, Ligurian-Provençal Basin, Balearic Sea, and the Alboran Sea. The capacity factors of five widely used wind turbines are computed in the study area using both yearly and seasonal timescales.

我们评估了地中海和黑海风力密度 (WPD) 的时空特征。使用了来自 ECMWF 的 ERA5 的每小时风速数据，涵盖 1959 年至 2020 年的 62 年。揭示了 100 米高度的 WPD 在月、年和季节时间尺度上的空间分布。研究区平均WPD为373 W/m ²，其中62年平均图的空间最大值达到1116 W/m ². 考虑到 13 个子流域的年平均 WPD 空间分布表明，两个最突出的区域是狮子湾和爱琴海。WPD 的日变化在所考虑的子流域内显示出超过 ± 10% 的变化。选择了五台商用涡轮机来调查它们在研究区域的性能。容量因数、运行时间百分比和额定功率时间百分比是空间映射的。WPD 的可变性使用年度可变性指数、年内可变性指数、变异系数、稳健变异系数、四分位间距和四分位比等几个指标进行调查。对月平均值的长期趋势进行了调查，结果表明在黎凡特盆地出现了统计上显着的下降趋势，利古里亚-普罗旺斯盆地、巴利阿里海和阿尔伯兰海。使用年度和季节时间尺度计算研究区域中五个广泛使用的风力涡轮机的容量因子。