Conductive hydrogels are considered as highly promising candidates for fabricating flexible and wearable electronic devices. However, traditional hydrogels inevitably lose their inherent characteristics under extreme climatic conditions, which seriously hinders the practical application of hydrogel-based electronics. Herein, a toughened, self-healing, self-adhesive and transparent conductive gel (PAA-Zr⁴⁺/Gly/IL) with extraordinary temperature adaptability is prepared via a one-step photopolymerization of the acrylic acid (AA) monomer in Gly (glycerol)–IL ([Bmim]Cl) hybrid solvent containing Zr⁴⁺ ions. The carboxyl–Zr⁴⁺ coordination bonds and multiple hydrogen bond interactions within the gel networks contribute to the excellent mechanical properties (0.42 MPa at 1436% strain) and self-healing capability. Meanwhile, the synergistic effects of Gly and IL endow the as-prepared gel with significant temperature tolerance, which can maintain remarkable flexibility and mechanical strength even after being stored at −50, 20 and 50 °C for 30, 30 and 10 days without extra sealed packaging. Impressively, the PAA-Zr⁴⁺/Gly/IL gel-based sensors exhibit favorable sensitivity and repeatable response capability upon both mechanical and thermal stimulation. As a strain sensor, it demonstrates a wide sensing range (5–700%), prominent signal stability (1100 cycles at 300% strain) and precise human motion detection along two opposite directions. As a thermal response sensor, it can accurately and reliably sense temperature changes in a wide range from −50 to 50 °C. Noticeably, owing to the significant self-healing properties and temperature tolerance, the pristine and healed PAA-Zr⁴⁺/Gly/IL gels after long-term storage at various temperatures (−50, 20 and 50 °C) are also capable of demonstrating a recognizable and reliable signal response when detecting tensile strains and prosthetic finger bending movements in normal and harsh environments. This work provides a powerful strategy to design versatile conductive elastomers with broad and long-term temperature tolerance for future flexible and wearable electronics.

中文翻译：

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具有非凡温度适应性的增韧、自愈和自粘导电凝胶，适用于双响应传感器

导电水凝胶被认为是制造柔性和可穿戴电子设备的非常有前途的候选者。然而，传统的水凝胶在极端气候条件下不可避免地会失去其固有特性，这严重阻碍了水凝胶基电子产品的实际应用。在此，通过丙烯酸（AA）单体在Gly ^（甘油)–IL ([Bmim]Cl) 含有 Zr ⁴⁺离子的混合溶剂。羧基-Zr ⁴⁺凝胶网络中的配位键和多个氢键相互作用有助于实现优异的机械性能（1436% 应变下为 0.42 MPa）和自愈能力。同时，Gly和IL的协同作用赋予所制备的凝胶显着的耐温性，即使在-50、20和50℃下储存30、30和10天后仍能保持显着的柔韧性和机械强度，无需额外添加。密封包装。令人印象深刻的是，PAA-Zr ⁴⁺/Gly/IL 凝胶基传感器对机械和热刺激均表现出良好的灵敏度和可重复的响应能力。作为应变传感器，它展示了广泛的传感范围 (5–700%)、突出的信号稳定性（在 300% 应变下 1100 次循环）和沿两个相反方向的精确人体运动检测。作为热响应传感器，它可以准确可靠地感知-50至50°C的宽范围内的温度变化。值得注意的是，由于显着的自愈性和温度耐受性，原始和愈合的 PAA-Zr ⁴⁺在不同温度（-50、20 和 50 °C）下长期储存后的 /Gly/IL 凝胶在正常和恶劣环境中检测拉伸应变和假肢手指弯曲运动时，也能够表现出可识别和可靠的信号响应。这项工作提供了一种强大的策略，可以为未来的柔性和可穿戴电子产品设计具有广泛和长期温度耐受性的多功能导电弹性体。