Elemental bromine (Br) is among the essential elements for human health. In living organisms, bromide (Br⁻) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) can be catalyzed by eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) to generate a reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypobromous acid (HOBr), which exhibits properties similar to those of hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Moreover, HOBr possesses strong oxidative and antibacterial properties, which are believed to play an important role in the neutrophil host defense system. However, overexpression or misexpression of HOBr can cause organismal and tissue damage, which is closely related to the development of various diseases. Therefore, an increasing number of studies has demonstrated physiological associations with the conversion of Br⁻ to HOBr. With the development of fluorescence imaging technology, developing fluorescent probes with novel structures and high selectivity to detect changes in Br⁻, HOBr, and the related enzyme EPO levels in organisms has become very important. This paper summarizes Br⁻, HOBr, and EPO fluorescent probes reported in recent years, including the design principles, mechanisms, optical properties, and bioapplications. Finally, the application prospects and challenges are also discussed.

元素溴 (Br) 是人体健康必不可少的元素之一。在生物体中，溴化物 (Br ^- ) 和过氧化氢 (H ₂ O ₂ ) 可被嗜酸性粒细胞过氧化物酶 (EPO) 催化生成活性氧 (ROS)、次溴酸 (HOBr)，其表现出与次氯酸 (HOCl)。此外，HOBr 具有很强的氧化和抗菌特性，这被认为在中性粒细胞宿主防御系统中发挥重要作用。然而，过表达或错误表达HOBr可引起机体和组织损伤，与多种疾病的发生发展密切相关。因此，越来越多的研究表明生理学与 Br 的转化有关^-到 HOBr。随着荧光成像技术的发展，开发结构新颖、选择性高的荧光探针来检测生物体内Br ^-、HOBr以及相关酶EPO水平的变化变得非常重要。本文综述了近年来报道的Br ^{- 、HOBr和EPO荧光探针，包括设计原理、机理、光学性质和生物应用。}最后，还讨论了应用前景和挑战。