Accurate wind profile measurements are important for applications ranging from aviation to numerical weather prediction. The spatial pattern of winds can be obtained with ground-based remote sensing instruments, such as weather radars and Doppler lidars. As the return signal in weather radars is mostly due to hydrometeors or insects, and in Doppler lidars due to aerosols, the instruments provide wind measurements in different weather conditions. However, the effect of various weather conditions on the measurement capabilities of these instruments has not been previously extensively quantified. Here we present results from a 7-month measurement campaign that took place in Vantaa, Finland, where a co-located Vaisala WRS400 X-band weather radar and WindCube 400S Doppler lidar were employed continuously to perform wind measurements. Both instruments measured plan position indicator (PPI) scans at 2.0^∘ elevation from the horizontal. Direct comparison of radial Doppler velocities from both instruments showed good agreement with R²=0.96. We then examined the effect of horizontal visibility, cloud base height, and precipitation intensity on the measurement availability of each instrument. The Doppler lidar displayed good availability in clear air situations and the X-band radar in precipitation. Both instruments exhibited high availability in clear air conditions in summer when insects were present. The complementary performance in the measurement availability of the two instruments means that their combination substantially increases the spatial coverage of wind observations across a wide range of weather conditions.

中文翻译：

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同位 X 波段天气雷达和多普勒激光雷达测风的互补性

准确的风廓线测量对于从航空到数值天气预报的应用非常重要。风的空间模式可以通过地面遥感仪器获得，例如天气雷达和多普勒激光雷达。由于天气雷达中的回波信号主要来自水凝物或昆虫，而多普勒激光雷达中的回波信号主要来自气溶胶，因此这些仪器可提供不同天气条件下的风测量。然而，各种天气条件对这些仪器测量能力的影响以前并未得到广泛量化。在这里，我们展示了在芬兰万塔开展的为期 7 个月的测量活动的结果，在该活动中，维萨拉 WRS400 X 波段气象雷达和 WindCube 400S 多普勒激光雷达连续用于进行风测量。^∘水平高度。来自两种仪器的径向多普勒速度的直接比较表明与R ² =0.96有很好的一致性。然后，我们检查了水平能见度、云底高度和降水强度对每个仪器测量可用性的影响。多普勒激光雷达在晴空条件下显示出良好的可用性，而 X 波段雷达在降水中显示出良好的可用性。在有昆虫的夏季，这两种仪器在晴朗的空气条件下都表现出很高的可用性。这两种仪器在测量可用性方面的互补性能意味着它们的组合大大增加了风观测在各种天气条件下的空间覆盖范围。