Half a century after the synthesis of the first subporphyrinoid, the study of tripyrrole and trisoindole porphyrin analogues constitutes a fervent and rapidly expanding research area. The outstanding structural, electronic and optical features of these cone-shaped aromatic macrocycles render them attractive candidates for a wide variety of applications, ranging from optoelectronics to biomedicine. To tune their properties and exploit their functionalities, the development of novel methodologies for the synthesis and post-functionalization of these contracted porphyrinoids, as well as a deep understanding of their supramolecular organization and their implementation into multicomponent systems of increasing complexity are of paramount importance. Herein, a review of the most recent advances in the fundamentals and applications of subporphyrinoids is presented, which comprehensively cover the last decade of discoveries. The final aim is to highlight the chemical versatility and intriguing physicochemical features of subporphyrinoids, while providing an updated overview of their most promising applications.

中文翻译：

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亚酞菁和相关亚卟啉化合物的最新进展

在第一个亚卟啉化合物合成半个世纪后，三吡咯和三异吲哚卟啉类似物的研究构成了一个火热且迅速扩大的研究领域。这些锥形芳香族大环化合物出色的结构、电子和光学特征使其成为从光电子学到生物医学等广泛应用的有吸引力的候选者。为了调整它们的特性并利用它们的功能，开发用于合成这些收缩的卟啉类化合物和后功能化的新方法，以及深入了解它们的超分子组织及其在复杂性不断增加的多组分系统中的实施是至关重要的。在此处，综述了亚卟啉类化合物的基本原理和应用的最新进展，全面涵盖了过去十年的发现。最终目的是突出亚卟啉类化合物的化学多功能性和有趣的物理化学特征，同时提供其最有前途应用的最新概述。