The construction of aqueous flexible supercapacitors with both broad working voltage and high energy density is promising but still challenging. In a supercapacitor, the electron/ion conduction properties of electrodes, whether between the electrode and electrolyte or within the electrode materials, play a critical role in stimulating the capacitive components of active materials, particularly for thicker electrodes used in practical applications. Herein, a three-dimensional porous carbon fiber (CF) uniformly wrapped metal-oxide (M_xO_y) is developed and interconnected by graphene sheets (Gs) to construct multi-electron/ion conduction channel inks (multi-conductive inks). In situ electrochemical impedance combined with in situ potential monitoring reveals that the screen-printed multi-electron/ion conduction channel electrodes not only significantly facilitate electronic and ionic diffusion/transport, but also greatly accelerate the redox kinetics of metal-oxides. As a result, the assembled asymmetric flexible supercapacitor based on M_xO_y/CF@Gs multi-conductive electrodes (e.g., Fe₂O₃/CF@Gs//NiO/CF@Gs) delivers a remarkable areal capacitance of 206.2 mF cm⁻² at 3 mA cm⁻², far higher than that of pure Fe₂O₃//NiO (27.5 mF cm⁻²) and Fe₂O₃/CF//NiO/CF (53 mF cm⁻²). The energy and power density of the multi-conductive supercapacitor reach up to 0.093 mW h cm⁻² and 30 mW cm⁻², respectively. In addition, the screen-printed flexible supercapacitor also exhibits excellent flexibility with a capacitance retention of 89.2% after 1500 bending cycles. More impressively, two printed flexible supercapacitors connected in series can power a timer working for 350 minutes after only 50 seconds of charging, or light up 8 LED arrays even with continuously bending, squeezing, and flapping. Therefore, it opens a new horizon for designing of energy sources for future portable and wearable electronic devices.

中文翻译：

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多电子/离子传导通道可实现高性能柔性超级电容器

具有宽工作电压和高能量密度的水性柔性超级电容器的构建是有希望的，但仍然具有挑战性。在超级电容器中，电极的电子/离子传导特性，无论是在电极与电解质之间还是在电极材料内，在激发活性材料的电容成分方面都起着至关重要的作用，特别是对于实际应用中使用的较厚电极而言。_{在此，开发了一种均匀包裹金属氧化物（M x} O _y ）的三维多孔碳纤维（CF），并通过石墨烯片（Gs）相互连接，以构建多电子/离子传导通道油墨（多导电油墨）。原位电化学阻抗与原位相结合电位监测表明，丝网印刷的多电子/离子传导通道电极不仅显着促进了电子和离子的扩散/传输，而且大大加速了金属氧化物的氧化还原动力学。因此，基于 M _x O _y /CF@Gs 多导电电极（例如，Fe ₂ O ₃ /CF@Gs//NiO/CF@Gs）组装的非对称柔性超级电容器提供了 206.2 mF 的显着面积电容cm ^-2 at 3 mA cm ^-2，远高于纯 Fe ₂ O ₃ //NiO (27.5 mF cm ^-2 ) 和 Fe ₂ O ₃/CF//NiO/CF (53 mF cm ^-2 )。多导电超级电容器的能量和功率密度分别达到0.093 mW h cm ^-2和30 mW cm ^-2。此外，丝网印刷的柔性超级电容器还表现出优异的柔韧性，1500 次弯曲循环后的电容保持率为 89.2%。更令人印象深刻的是，两个串联的印刷柔性超级电容器可以在充电 50 秒后为定时器工作 350 分钟供电，或者即使连续弯曲、挤压和拍打也能点亮 8 个 LED 阵列。因此，它为未来便携式和可穿戴电子设备的能源设计开辟了新的视野。