Recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance are still big challenges in breast cancer therapy. Internal and external stresses have been proven to substantially facilitate breast cancer progression through molecular and systemic mechanisms. For example, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) results in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which are considered an important cellular stress response. More and more reports indicate its key role in protein homeostasis and other diverse functions involved in the process of breast cancer progression. Therefore, therapies targeting the activation of ERS and its downstream signaling pathways are potentially helpful and novel tools to counteract and fight breast cancer. However, recent advances in our understanding of ERS are focused on characterizing and modulating ERS between healthy and disease states, and so little attention has been paid to studying the role and clinical application of targeting ERS in a certain cancer. In this review, we summarize the function and main mechanisms of ERS in different molecular types of breast cancer, and focus on the development of agents targeting ERS to provide new treatment strategies for breast cancer.

中文翻译：

---

内质网应激靶向治疗乳腺癌

复发、转移和耐药性仍然是乳腺癌治疗的一大挑战。已证明内部和外部压力可通过分子和系统机制显着促进乳腺癌的进展。例如，内质网应激 (ERS) 导致未折叠蛋白反应 (UPR) 的激活，这被认为是一种重要的细胞应激反应。越来越多的报道表明它在蛋白质稳态和乳腺癌进展过程中涉及的其他多种功能中起着关键作用。因此，针对 ERS ​​及其下游信号通路激活的疗法可能是对抗和对抗乳腺癌的有用且新颖的工具。然而，我们对 ERS ​​的理解的最新进展集中在表征和调节健康和疾病状态之间的 ERS，因此很少关注研究靶向 ERS ​​在某种癌症中的作用和临床应用。本综述总结了ERS在不同分子类型乳腺癌中的作用和主要机制，着重探讨ERS靶向药物的开发，为乳腺癌的治疗提供新的策略。