Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) is a vital energy intermediate in skeletal muscle. The discovery of dietary-derived NAD⁺ precursors has led to the rapid development of NAD⁺ therapeutics designed to manipulate NAD⁺ content in target tissues. Of those developed, nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide have been reported to display health benefit in humans under clinical scenarios of NAD⁺ deficiency. In contrast, relatively little is known regarding the potential benefit of nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation in healthy individuals, with questions remaining as to whether NAD⁺ therapeutics can be used to support training adaptation or improve performance in athletic populations. Examining animal and human nicotinamide riboside supplementation studies, this review discusses current evidence suggesting that NAD⁺ therapeutics do not alter skeletal muscle metabolism or improve athletic performance in healthy humans. Further, we will highlight potential reasons why nicotinamide riboside supplementation studies do not translate to healthy populations and discuss the futility of testing NAD⁺ therapeutics outside of the clinical populations where NAD⁺ deficiency is present.

烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸 (NAD ⁺ ) 是骨骼肌中的重要能量中间体。饮食来源的 NAD ⁺前体的发现导致了旨在控制靶组织中 NAD ⁺含量的 NAD ^{+疗法的快速发展。}据报道，在开发的那些中，烟酰胺核苷和烟酰胺单核苷酸在 NAD ⁺缺乏的临床情况下对人体显示出健康益处。相比之下，关于补充烟酰胺核苷和烟酰胺单核苷酸对健康个体的潜在益处知之甚少，关于 NAD ⁺疗法可用于支持训练适应或提高运动人群的表现。通过检查动物和人类烟酰胺核苷补充剂研究，这篇综述讨论了当前的证据，表明 NAD ⁺疗法不会改变骨骼肌代谢或改善健康人的运动表现。此外，我们将强调烟酰胺核苷补充研究未转化为健康人群的潜在原因，并讨论在存在 NAD ⁺缺乏症的临床人群之外测试 NAD ⁺疗法的徒劳性。