Measurements targeting mesoscale and smaller-scale processes in the ice-covered part of the Arctic Ocean are sparse in all seasons. As a result, there are significant knowledge gaps with respect to these processes, particularly related to the role of eddies and fronts in the coupled ocean–atmosphere–sea ice system. Here we present a unique observational dataset of upper ocean temperature and salinity collected by a set of buoys installed on ice floes as part of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Distributed Network. The multi-sensor systems, each equipped with five temperature and salinity recorders on a 100 m long inductive modem tether, drifted together with the main MOSAiC ice camp through the Arctic Transpolar Drift between October 2019 and August 2020. They transmitted hydrographic in situ data via the iridium satellite network at 10 min intervals. While three buoys failed early due to ice dynamics, five of them recorded data continuously for 10 months. A total of four units were successfully recovered in early August 2020, additionally yielding internally stored instrument data at 2 min intervals. The raw data were merged, processed, quality controlled, and validated using independent measurements also obtained during MOSAiC. Compilations of the raw and processed datasets are publicly available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.937271 (Hoppmann et al., 2021i) and https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940320 (Hoppmann et al., 2022i), respectively. As an important part of the MOSAiC physical oceanography program, this unique dataset has many synergies with the manifold co-located observational datasets and is expected to yield significant insights into ocean processes and to contribute to the validation of high-resolution numerical simulations. While this dataset has the potential to contribute to submesoscale process studies, this paper mainly highlights selected preliminary findings on mesoscale processes.

中文翻译：

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北极跨极漂移中温度和盐度的中尺度观测：来自 MOSAiC 分布式网络的高分辨率数据集

针对北冰洋冰雪覆盖部分的中尺度和小尺度过程的测量在所有季节都很少。因此，在这些过程方面存在重大的知识差距，特别是与涡流和锋面在耦合的海洋-大气-海冰系统中的作用有关。在这里，我们展示了一个独特的上层海洋温度和盐度观测数据集，该数据集由安装在浮冰上的一组浮标收集，作为北极气候研究多学科漂流观测站 (MOSAiC) 分布式网络的一部分。多传感器系统，每个系统在 100 m范围内配备五个温度和盐度记录仪 长感应调制解调器系绳，在 2019 年 10 月至 2020 年 8 月期间与主要的 MOSAiC 冰营一起漂流通过北极跨极漂移。他们每隔 10 分钟通过铱星网络传输水文原位数据。虽然三个浮标由于冰动力学而提前失效，但其中五个浮标连续记录了 10 个月的数据。2020 年 8 月上旬共成功回收了 4 台设备，另外还以 2 分钟的间隔生成了内部存储的仪器数据。使用在 MOSAiC 期间获得的独立测量对原始数据进行合并、处理、质量控制和验证。原始数据集和已处理数据集的编译可在 https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.937271（Hoppmann等人，2021i）和 https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940320上公开获得（霍普曼等人，2022i），分别。作为 MOSAiC 物理海洋学计划的重要组成部分，这个独特的数据集与多个同地观测数据集具有许多协同作用，有望对海洋过程产生重要的见解，并有助于验证高分辨率数值模拟。虽然该数据集有可能为亚尺度过程研究做出贡献，但本文主要强调选定的关于中尺度过程的初步发现。