Place-based conditions are well-established predictors of police behavior, but the literature lacks nuanced examinations of how place-based factors influence officer decision making, especially by citizen race/ethnicity and from officers’ perspectives. We investigate officers’ accounts regarding how they weigh place-based factors into their arrest decisions of Black, Hispanic, and White drug suspects in Newark, New Jersey from 2011 to 2016. Our analysis of 438 filed drug arrest reports revealed that most arrestees, especially Black Americans, became susceptible to heightened police scrutiny because of their presence in stigmatized, criminalized areas. Although place-based stigma and individualized prohibited behavior coalesced to guide police contacts with Hispanic and White residents, officers made contacts with Black Americans based on a lower legal basis, often irrespective of their individualized behavior in stigmatized places.

中文翻译：

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可疑的地方让人怀疑：官员对种族化毒品执法中基于地方的条件的看法

基于地点的条件是警察行为的公认预测因素，但文献缺乏对基于地点的因素如何影响警官决策的细微检查，尤其是从公民种族/族裔和警官的角度来看。我们调查了官员关于他们如何在 2011 年至 2016 年新泽西州纽瓦克的黑人、西班牙裔和白人毒品嫌疑人的逮捕决定中权衡基于地点的因素的陈述。我们对 438 份提交的毒品逮捕报告的分析显示，大多数被捕者，尤其是美国黑人，由于出现在污名化、犯罪化的地区，很容易受到警方加强审查。虽然基于地方的耻辱和个性化的禁止行为结合起来指导警察与西班牙裔和白人居民的接触，