Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a distinct subtype of extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mainly affects elderly population characterized by selective infiltration of neoplastic cells within the lumina of small vessels. Prostate primary IVLBCL is extremely rare. Herein we present a case of a 76-year-old male patient who was admitted with symptoms of severe lower urinary tract obstruction. IVLBCL was diagnosed based on histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of the precious tissue specimens though transurethral prostate resection. Awareness and accurate diagnosis are very important to guide the clinicals in formulation of diagnosis and treatment plan.

血管内大 B 细胞淋巴瘤 (IVLBCL) 是结外弥漫性大 B 细胞淋巴瘤 (DLBCL) 的一个独特亚型，主要影响老年人群，其特征是肿瘤细胞在小血管腔内选择性浸润。前列腺原发性 IVLBCL 极为罕见。在此我们介绍一例 76 岁的男性患者，他因严重的下尿路梗阻症状入院。IVLBCL 的诊断依据是经尿道前列腺切除术对宝贵的组织标本进行组织病理学和免疫组化检查。意识和准确诊断对于指导临床制定诊疗方案非常重要。