Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central nervous system disease that can lead to cognitive impairment and progressive memory loss. An increasing number of studies have shown that intestinal flora play a crucial role in regulating the brain-gut axis. Short-chain fatty acids are metabolites of intestinal flora that regulate hormone synthesis and play an essential role in microbial-intestinal-brain communication. An imbalance of intestinal flora can promote microglia to secrete proinflammatory factors, cause nerve inflammation, and then affect cognitive and learning ability. However, the mechanism is not clear. From this, we infer that endogenous hormones may be the medium for intestinal flora to affect the process of AD. This review of the relationships among AD, endogenous hormones, and intestinal flora expounds on the critical role of various hormones in the brain-gut axis. It discusses intervention measures aimed at intestinal flora to prevent or delay AD occurrence. Finally, the potential development prospects of fecal microbiota transplantation in treating AD are put forward, which provide potential ideas for future AD research.

阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是一种中枢神经系统疾病，可导致认知障碍和进行性记忆丧失。越来越多的研究表明，肠道菌群在调节脑肠轴中起着至关重要的作用。短链脂肪酸是肠道菌群的代谢产物，可调节激素合成并在微生物-肠道-大脑通讯中发挥重要作用。肠道菌群失调可促进小胶质细胞分泌促炎因子，引起神经炎症，进而影响认知和学习能力。然而，机制尚不清楚。由此推测，内源性激素可能是肠道菌群影响AD进程的媒介。这篇关于 AD、内源性激素、和肠道菌群阐述了各种激素在脑-肠轴中的关键作用。探讨了针对肠道菌群预防或延缓AD发生的干预措施。最后提出了粪便菌群移植治疗AD的潜在发展前景，为未来AD研究提供了潜在的思路。