Through activation of immune cells, the immune system is responsible for identifying and destroying infected or otherwise damaged cells including tumorigenic cells that can be recognized as foreign, thus maintaining homeostasis. However, tumor cells have evolved several mechanisms to avoid immune cell detection and killing, resulting in tumor growth and progression. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor infiltrating immune cells are inactivated by soluble factors or tumor promoting conditions and lose their effects on tumor cells. Analysis of signaling and crosstalk between immune cells and tumor cells have helped us to understand in more detail the mechanisms of tumor immune evasion and this forms basis for drug development strategies in the area of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we will summarize the dominant signaling networks involved in immune escape and describe the status of development of therapeutic strategies to target tumor immune evasion mechanisms with focus on how the tumor microenvironment interacts with T cells.

中文翻译：

---

免疫调节信号网络和肿瘤免疫逃避机制：对临床开发中治疗靶点和药物的洞察

通过激活免疫细胞，免疫系统负责识别和破坏受感染或受损的细胞，包括可被识别为外来物的致瘤细胞，从而维持体内平衡。然而，肿瘤细胞已经进化出多种机制来避免免疫细胞检测和杀伤，从而导致肿瘤生长和进展。在肿瘤微环境中，肿瘤浸润性免疫细胞被可溶性因子或肿瘤促进条件灭活，并失去对肿瘤细胞的作用。对免疫细胞和肿瘤细胞之间的信号和串扰的分析帮助我们更详细地了解肿瘤免疫逃逸的机制，这为癌症免疫治疗领域的药物开发策略奠定了基础。在这篇评论中，