This review provides an update on what we know about differences in prediction in a first and second language after several years of extensive research. It shows when L1/L2 differences are most likely to occur and provides an explanation as to why they occur. For example, L2 speakers may capitalize more on semantic information for prediction than L1 speakers, or possibly they do not make predictions due to differences in the weighting of cues. A different weighting of cues can be the result of prior experience from the L1 and/or the prior experience in an experiment which affects L1 and L2 processing to a different extent. Overall, prediction in L2 processing often emerges later and/or is weaker than in L1 processing. Because L2 processing is generally slower, L1/L2 differences are likely to occur at certain levels of prediction, most notably at the form level, in line with a prediction-by-production mechanism.

中文翻译：

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双语句子处理中的预测：后来学习的语言与第一语言的预测有何不同

经过几年的广泛研究，这篇综述更新了我们对第一语言和第二语言预测差异的了解。它显示了 L1/L2 差异最有可能出现的时间，并解释了它们出现的原因。例如，L2 说话者可能比 L1 说话者更多地利用语义信息进行预测，或者他们可能由于提示权重的差异而没有做出预测。线索的不同权重可能是 L1 的先前经验和/或在不同程度上影响 L1 和 L2 处理的实验中的先前经验的结果。总的来说，L2 处理中的预测通常出现得比 L1 处理晚和/或弱。由于 L2 处理通常较慢，因此在某些预测级别上可能会出现 L1/L2 差异，