Loneliness is a complex feeling associated with socio-emotional adjustment difficulties, particularly during adolescence. Such construct is often treated as unidimensional rather than multidimensional, moreover, studies consisting of both peer and family contexts, are very scarce. Adopting a multidimensional and person-centered approach, our study aimed to identify distinct clusters of adolescents with similar patterns of social and emotional loneliness with peers and family and to examine their differences in peer reported social adjustment, controlling for sex. Self-report and peer nomination data were collected from 691 participants (48.36% boys) aged between 11 and 16 years (M = 12.95, SD = 1.15). After controlling for age and preference for solitude, results revealed four clusters with specific configurations of loneliness forms and with different associations with positive or negative features of social adjustment to peer group. Two clusters exhibited adaptive profiles (lower vulnerability to maladjustment): less-lonely, and family-related loneliness profile, in which adolescents were viewed by peers as exhibiting more prosocial behaviors. The other two clusters displayed maladaptive profiles (higher vulnerability to maladjustment): more-lonely, and peer-related loneliness profile, in which adolescents were more likely viewed by their peers as socially withdrawn, peer-excluded, and peer-victimized. Additionally, our results revealed sex differences, with girls in the more-lonely profile showing significant higher social loneliness related to peer group, and higher social and emotional loneliness in family context. Our results highlight the importance of recognizing different forms of loneliness given the differences in adjustment to social contexts observed, shedding further light on this complex construct.

孤独感是一种与社会情绪适应困难相关的复杂感觉，尤其是在青春期。这种结构通常被视为单维而不是多维，此外，由同伴和家庭背景组成的研究非常稀缺。我们的研究采用多维和以人为中心的方法，旨在确定与同龄人和家庭具有相似社交和情感孤独模式的不同青少年群体，并检查他们在同龄人报告的社会适应、控制性别方面的差异。从 11 至 16 岁的 691 名参与者（48.36% 男孩）中收集了自我报告和同伴提名数据（M  = 12.95，SD = 1.15)。在控制了年龄和对独处的偏好后，结果揭示了四个集群，它们具有特定的孤独形式配置，并且与对同龄群体的社会适应的积极或消极特征具有不同的关联。两个集群表现出适应性特征（对适应不良的脆弱性较低）：不那么孤独和与家庭相关的孤独特征，其中青少年被同龄人视为表现出更多的亲社会行为。另外两个集群显示出适应不良的特征（更容易适应不良）：更孤独，和同伴相关的孤独个人资料，其中青少年更有可能被同龄人视为社交退缩、同龄人排斥和同龄人受害。此外，我们的研究结果揭示了性别差异，在更孤独的个人资料中，女孩表现出与同龄群体相关的显着更高的社会孤独感，以及在家庭环境中更高的社交和情感孤独感。我们的研究结果强调了识别不同形式的孤独感的重要性，因为观察到的对社会环境的调整存在差异，进一步阐明了这一复杂的结构。