Extensive research has focused on the critical effect of parent-child interactions on peer victimization among children. However, the underlying mediating and moderating mechanisms of this association remain largely unknown. Thus, we examine whether parent-child relationships predict peer victimization through self-esteem and whether resilience moderates this mediation process. A sample of 65,868 fourth grade students aged 8-14 years (10.83 ± 0.83, 53.6% males) completed questionnaires assessing their parent-child relationships, self-esteem, resilience, and peer victimization. A moderated mediation model analysis showed that the negative associations between parent-child interactions and peer victimization were partially mediated by self-esteem. Resilience moderated the meditation process and all three mediated paths were stronger for children with high (vs. low) resilience. High resilience has adequate protection against peer victimization among children. Our findings indicate that poor parent-child relationships, low resilience and low self-esteem are all risk factors for increased levels of peer victimization among children. Resilience is underscored as a crucial protective factor, which could prevent the onset and exacerbation of peer victimization, while low self-esteem is also an important predictor of peer victimization originating from poor parent-child relationships. Thus, internal factors (such as resilience, and self-esteem) cultivated among children, but not external ones, may play key roles in intervening of peer victimization. The positive effects of family support should also be considered when developing intervention strategies to promote self-esteem among children being bullied at school.

广泛的研究集中在亲子互动对儿童同伴受害的关键影响上。然而，这种关联的潜在中介和调节机制仍然很大程度上未知。因此，我们研究了亲子关系是否通过自尊来预测同伴受害，以及复原力是否会调节这一中介过程。对 65,868 名 8-14 岁四年级学生（10.83 ± 0.83，53.6% 男性）的样本完成了问卷调查，评估了他们的亲子关系、自尊、复原力和同伴受害情况。有调节的中介模型分析表明，亲子互动和同伴受害之间的负相关部分由自尊介导。复原力缓和了冥想过程，对于具有高（与低）复原力的儿童来说，所有三种中介路径都更强。高复原力可以充分保护儿童免受同伴伤害。我们的研究结果表明，糟糕的亲子关系、低复原力和低自尊都是儿童同伴受害程度增加的风险因素。韧性被强调为一个关键的保护因素，可以防止同伴受害的发生和恶化，而自尊心低也是源于不良亲子关系的同伴受害的重要预测因素。因此，儿童培养的内部因素（如复原力和自尊），而不是外部因素，可能在干预同伴受害中起关键作用。