The aim of this study was to investigate whether four causal attributions for success and failure each (two internal and two external attributions) can be predicted by four types of achievement goal orientations, and whether achievement goal orientations are connected with the perception of a performance as a success (vs. a failure). We surveyed 690 high school students writing a school-leaving certificate paper over the course of one year. Of these, 565 students (65 % young women) considered their paper to be a success; 101 students (59 % young women) viewed it as a failure. A binominal logistic regression and two separate path models for the success and failure samples were conducted. The main findings showed that the odds of perceiving an outcome as a success were higher with mastery goals and performance-avoidance goals. Mastery goal and performance-approach goal orientation were positively related to internal success attributions. Mastery goal orientation was positively and performance-approach goal orientation was negatively connected with the failure attribution ‘popularity with the supervisor.’ Performance-avoidance goals were positively linked to external success attributions and negatively linked to the external failure attribution ‘luck.’ Work-avoidance goals predicted all types of success attributions but none of the failure attributions. The findings provide in-depth insights into attribution processes and highlight the importance of promoting a mastery goal orientation.

本研究的目的是调查是否可以通过四种类型的成就目标取向来预测成功和失败的四种因果归因（两个内部归因和两个外部归因），以及成就目标取向是否与对绩效的感知相关联成功（相对于失败）。我们调查了 690 名高中生，他们在一年的时间里写了一份离校证明文件。其中，565 名学生（65% 为年轻女性）认为他们的论文是成功的；101 名学生（59% 的年轻女性）认为这是一次失败。对成功和失败样本进行了二项式逻辑回归和两个独立的路径模型。主要研究结果表明，掌握目标和绩效回避目标的成功率更高。掌握目标和绩效接近目标导向与内部成功归因呈正相关。掌握目标导向与失败归因“受主管欢迎”呈正相关，而绩效接近目标导向与失败归因负相关。绩效回避目标与外部成功归因呈正相关，与外部失败归因“运气”呈负相关。工作回避目标预测了所有类型的成功归因，但没有预测失败归因。研究结果提供了对归因过程的深入见解，并强调了促进掌握目标导向的重要性。掌握目标导向与失败归因“受主管欢迎”呈正相关，而绩效接近目标导向与失败归因负相关。绩效回避目标与外部成功归因呈正相关，与外部失败归因“运气”呈负相关。工作回避目标预测了所有类型的成功归因，但没有预测失败归因。研究结果提供了对归因过程的深入见解，并强调了促进掌握目标导向的重要性。掌握目标导向与失败归因“受主管欢迎”呈正相关，而绩效接近目标导向与失败归因负相关。绩效回避目标与外部成功归因呈正相关，与外部失败归因“运气”呈负相关。工作回避目标预测了所有类型的成功归因，但没有预测失败归因。研究结果提供了对归因过程的深入见解，并强调了促进掌握目标导向的重要性。' 工作回避目标预测了所有类型的成功归因，但没有预测失败归因。研究结果提供了对归因过程的深入见解，并强调了促进掌握目标导向的重要性。' 工作回避目标预测了所有类型的成功归因，但没有预测失败归因。研究结果提供了对归因过程的深入见解，并强调了促进掌握目标导向的重要性。