Aims To investigate the association between hyperopia and clinically significant depression (CSD) in middle-aged and older individuals. The effect of genetic determinants of hyperopia on incident CSD was also explored. Methods We included participants who had available data on mean spherical equivalent (MSE) and were free of depression at baseline from the UK Biobank. For the phenotypic association, hyperopia was defined as MSE of+2.00 dioptres (D) or greater, and was divided into mild, moderate and high groups. Diagnosis of CSD across follow-up was determined based on electronic hospital inpatients records. For the genetic association analysis, the association between hyperopia Polygenic Risk Score and incident CSD was assessed. Mendelian randomisation was assessed for causality association. Results Over a median follow-up of 11.11 years (IQR: 10.92–11.38), hyperopia was significantly associated with incident CSD independent of genetic risk (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.59) compared with emmetropia participants, especially in those hyperopic patients without optical correction (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.76). In addition, participants in the high degree of hyperopia were more likely to have incident CSD than participants in the mild degree of hyperopia (P for trend=0.009). Genetic analyses did not show any significant associations between hyperopia and incident CSD (p≥0.1). Conclusions Hyperopia was significantly associated with an increased risk of incident CSD. This was independent of genetic predisposition to hyperopia, emphasising the importance of regular vision screening and correction of hyperopia to reduce the risk of CSD regardless of genetic risk. Data are available in a public, open access repository.

中文翻译：

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远视与临床显着抑郁症的关联：中老年人群的流行病学和遗传学证据

目的 调查中老年人远视与临床显着抑郁症 (CSD) 之间的关联。还探讨了远视的遗传决定因素对发生 CSD 的影响。方法 我们纳入了来自英国生物银行的参与者，他们拥有平均球当量 (MSE) 的可用数据，并且在基线时没有抑郁症。对于表型关联，远视被定义为MSE+2.00屈光度（D）或更大，并分为轻度、中度和高度组。随访期间 CSD 的诊断是根据医院住院患者的电子记录确定的。对于遗传关联分析，评估了远视多基因风险评分与 CSD 事件之间的关联。评估孟德尔随机化的因果关系。结果 在中位随访 11.11 年（IQR：10.92–11.38）中，与正视参与者相比，远视与 CSD 事件显着相关，与遗传风险无关（HR 1.29，95% CI 1.05 至 1.59），尤其是远视患者没有光学校正（HR 1.38，95% CI 1.07 至 1.76）。此外，高度远视的参与者比轻度远视的参与者更容易发生 CSD（趋势 P=0.009）。遗传分析未显示远视与发生 CSD 之间存在任何显着关联 (p≥0.1)。结论 远视与发生 CSD 的风险增加显着相关。这与远视的遗传倾向无关，强调了定期视力筛查和远视矫正对于降低 CSD 风险的重要性，无论遗传风险如何。数据可在公共、开放访问存储库中获取。