The current study examined three research questions: (a) Are unmarried at birth fathers' prenatal and birth-related behavioral, attitudinal, and identity adjustments directly related to father engagement in child-related activities during early childhood and father-child closeness in middle childhood and adolescence? (b) Do father engagement in child-related activities during early childhood, coresidence, and coparenting at age 5 mediate the association between unmarried fathers' prenatal and birth-related variables and father-child relationship in middle childhood and adolescence? (c) Do father-child closeness, coresidence, and coparenting in middle childhood mediate the association between fathers' prenatal and birth-related variables and father-child relationship during adolescence? Using a subsample of Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing data (N = 2,647), we found support for our hypotheses that fathers' prenatal and birth-related variables significantly predicted father-child engagement during early childhood and father-child closeness during middle childhood and adolescence, although not all prenatal and birth-related variables are related to outcomes during each stage of childhood development. Father involvement and coparenting cooperation significantly mediated the associations among fathers' prenatal and birth-related variables and father-child closeness at ages 9 and 15. Our findings indicate that researchers, practitioners, and policymakers should take advantage of the prenatal period and direct resources to facilitate and strengthen prospective unmarried fathers' early relationships with their partners and children. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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解释未婚男性出生时的产前行为和态度对童年早期、中期和青春期父亲参与度的长期影响。

本研究探讨了三个研究问题： (a) 出生时是否未婚 父亲的产前和与出生有关的行为、态度和身份调整与父亲在儿童早期参与儿童相关活动以及儿童中期父子亲密程度直接相关和青春期？(b) 父亲在幼儿期参与与儿童相关的活动、共同居住和 5 岁时共同养育子女是否介导了未婚父亲的产前和出生相关变量与童年中期和青春期的父子关系之间的关系？(c) 父子关系亲密、同居、童年中期的共同养育在父亲的产前和出生相关变量与青春期父子关系之间的关系中起中介作用？使用脆弱家庭和儿童福祉数据的子样本（N = 2,647），我们发现支持我们的假设，即父亲的产前和出生相关变量显着预测童年早期的父子参与度以及童年中期和青春期的父子亲密程度，尽管并非所有产前和出生相关变量都与儿童发展各个阶段的结果相关。父亲的参与和共同养育合作显着介导了父亲的产前和出生相关变量与 9 岁和 15 岁时父子亲密程度之间的关联。我们的研究结果表明，研究人员、从业者、政策制定者应利用产前时期并提供资源来促进和加强未来未婚父亲与其伴侣和孩子的早期关系。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。