A growing literature examines the impact of immigration and law enforcement on undocumented immigrants and their communities, but these studies are limited by the lack of reliable data on documentation status and their focus on federal immigration enforcement. Leveraging administrative student data from the City University of New York (CUNY) that reliably identify about 13,000 undocumented students among more than 350,000 first-year students, this article examines whether local policing practices that do not ostensibly target undocumented immigrants can affect the educational outcomes of undocumented young adults. Focusing on police stops around university campuses under the New York City Police Department's Stop, Question, and Frisk program, our findings show a substantial negative effect of police stops around campus on course credits for undocumented men but no impact on GPA or on the likelihood of receiving zero credits in the following term (stop-out). The negative effect is larger for Black and South Asian undocumented young men, groups that experience heightened surveillance by the local police. In contrast, campus police stops have little effect on documented students or undocumented women. The results illustrate how local policing practices, even in so-called sanctuary cities, can have chilling effects on undocumented groups with important implications for the links between the criminal justice system, immigration, and social inequality.

中文翻译：

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地方治安和无证大学生的教育成果

越来越多的文献研究移民和执法对无证移民及其社区的影响，但由于缺乏关于文件状态的可靠数据以及他们对联邦移民执法的关注，这些研究受到限制。利用纽约城市大学 (CUNY) 的行政学生数据，该数据可靠地识别出超过 350,000 名一年级学生中的约 13,000 名无证学生，本文研究了表面上不针对无证移民的当地警务做法是否会影响教育成果无证青年。根据纽约市警察局的“停止、提问和搜身”计划，重点关注大学校园周围的警察站，我们的研究结果表明，警察在校园附近停留对无证男子的课程学分产生重大负面影响，但对 GPA 或下学期获得零学分的可能性没有影响（停止）。对黑人和南亚无证年轻男性的负面影响更大，这些群体受到当地警察的加强监视。相比之下，校园警察的拦截对有证件的学生或无证件的女性几乎没有影响。结果表明，即使在所谓的庇护城市，地方警务实践如何对无证群体产生寒蝉效应，对刑事司法系统、移民和社会不平等之间的联系具有重要影响。对黑人和南亚无证年轻男性的负面影响更大，这些群体受到当地警察的加强监视。相比之下，校园警察的拦截对有证件的学生或无证件的女性几乎没有影响。结果表明，即使在所谓的庇护城市，地方警务实践如何对无证群体产生寒蝉效应，对刑事司法系统、移民和社会不平等之间的联系具有重要影响。对黑人和南亚无证年轻男性的负面影响更大，这些群体受到当地警察的加强监视。相比之下，校园警察的拦截对有证件的学生或无证件的女性几乎没有影响。结果表明，即使在所谓的庇护城市，地方警务实践如何对无证群体产生寒蝉效应，对刑事司法系统、移民和社会不平等之间的联系具有重要影响。