The tribovoltaic effect at dynamic semiconductor interfaces has been an emerging hot topic due to its potential impact in energy harvesting and smart electronics. Previously, this effect was mainly studied based on the sliding mode and is undesirably accompanied by abrasion issues. Herein, we demonstrate the tribovoltaic effect based on the contact-separation motion of a dynamic Schottky interface, and achieve durable, flexible and high-performance direct-current electricity generation. The generator is designed based on a flexible organic semiconductor, achieving a high current density of 16.00 A m⁻², a charge density of 98.72 mC m⁻², and a peak power density of up to 5.40 W m⁻² in contact-separation mode. Most importantly, long-term durability is demonstrated without performance degradation in 20 000 cycles, as the undesirable abrasion in the sliding mode is avoided. Furthermore, investigation of the tribovoltaic effect in contact-separation mode helps achieve better mechanistic understanding, that the contact-induced “bindington” is more likely to provide the energy for electron excitation. Therefore, this study presents both practical and fundamental insights for tribovoltaic devices.

中文翻译：

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通过接触分离模式下的摩擦伏打效应产生持久的柔性直流电

动态半导体界面的摩擦伏打效应因其对能量收集和智能电子产品的潜在影响而成为一个新兴的热门话题。以前，这种效应主要是基于滑模来研究的，并且不希望地伴随着磨损问题。在此，我们展示了基于动态肖特基界面的接触分离运动的摩擦伏打效应，并实现了耐用、灵活和高性能的直流发电。该发生器基于柔性有机半导体设计，可实现16.00 A m ^-2的高电流密度、98.72 mC m ^-2的电荷密度和高达5.40 W m ^{-2的峰值功率密度}在接触分离模式。最重要的是，在 20 000 次循环中表现出长期耐用性而不会降低性能，因为避免了滑动模式中的不良磨损。此外，研究接触分离模式下的摩擦伏打效应有助于更好地理解机械原理，即接触诱导的“结合子”更有可能为电子激发提供能量。因此，本研究为摩擦伏打器件提供了实用和基本的见解。