Synthesizing high-quality films with superior morphological, electrical, and defect properties is the basic requirement for obtaining high-efficiency solar cells. Recently, Sb₂Se₃ has been the emerging photovoltaic material with a low-symmetry crystal structure and complicated defect properties, giving a unique synthesis challenge for high-performance solar devices. In this work, we developed a novel additive-assisted chemical bath deposition (CBD) technology for producing ideal antimony triselenide (Sb₂Se₃) films using antimony potassium tartrate and sodium selenosulfate as antimony and selenide sources, respectively, with thiourea and selenourea as additives to manipulate the deposition process. We uncover that additive regulated deposition kinetics is essential to improve the film properties. Comprehensively, the physical properties of Sb₂Se₃ films in terms of morphology, crystallinity, carrier transport properties, and defect density have been significantly enhanced. As a result, we achieved a power conversion efficiency of 10.57% in Sb₂Se₃ solar cells, which represents the highest efficiency of Sb₂Se₃ solar cells, regardless of the fabrication methods and device structures. Given the scalability to large area production and the low-cost fabrication characteristics of the CBD technique, this study demonstrates not only an effective and implementable method for fabricating highly efficient Sb₂Se₃ solar cells but also paves the way for industrial production of large-area Sb₂Se₃ photovoltaic panels in the future.

中文翻译：

---

通过新的添加剂辅助化学浴沉积技术调节沉积动力学可以制造效率为 10.57% 的 Sb2Se3 太阳能电池

合成具有优异形态、电学和缺陷特性的高质量薄膜是获得高效太阳能电池的基本要求。近年来，Sb ₂ Se ₃已成为新兴的光伏材料，具有低对称性晶体结构和复杂的缺陷特性，为高性能太阳能器件的合成带来了独特的挑战。在这项工作中，我们开发了一种新型添加剂辅助化学浴沉积 (CBD) 技术，用于生产理想的三硒化锑 (Sb ₂ Se ₃) 使用酒石酸锑钾和硒代硫酸钠分别作为锑和硒化物源的薄膜，硫脲和硒脲作为添加剂来控制沉积过程。我们发现添加剂调节的沉积动力学对于改善薄膜性能至关重要。综合来看，Sb ₂ Se ₃薄膜在形貌、结晶度、载流子传输性能和缺陷密度方面的物理性能得到了显着提高。结果，我们在 Sb ₂ Se ₃太阳能电池中实现了 10.57% 的功率转换效率，这代表了 Sb ₂ Se _{3的最高效率}太阳能电池，无论制造方法和器件结构如何。鉴于大面积生产的可扩展性和 CBD 技术的低成本制造特性，本研究不仅证明了一种制造高效 Sb ₂ Se ₃太阳能电池的有效且可实施的方法，而且为大面积的工业化生产铺平了道路。未来Sb ₂ Se ₃光伏电池板面积。