Ultraviolet (UV) absorbents and industrial antioxidants are contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), but little is known about their distribution in Arctic wildlife, as well as how these contaminants vary over time, across regions, and between species. We used archived egg samples to examine the temporal patterns of 26 UV absorbents and industrial antioxidants in three seabird species (black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla, thick-billed murres Uria lomvia, northern fulmars Fulmarus glacialis) sampled in Arctic Canada between 1975 and 2019. Various synthetic phenolic antioxidants, aromatic secondary amines, benzotriazole UV stabilizers, and organic UV filters were detected in the seabird eggs. Overall, kittiwakes had higher levels of several UV absorbents and industrial antioxidants. Most target contaminants reached their peak concentrations at different points during the 44-year study period or did not vary significantly over time. None of these contaminant concentrations have increased in recent years. The antioxidant 2-6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) was the most frequently detected contaminant in seabird eggs, and its level significantly declined over the course of the study period in kittiwake eggs but did not change in the eggs of murres and fulmars. Future research should examine the effects of these CECs on the health of avian species, the sources, and exposure pathways of these contaminants.

中文翻译：

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加拿大北极海鸟蛋中紫外线吸收剂和工业抗氧化剂的 44 年回顾性分析（1975 年至 2019 年）

紫外线 (UV) 吸收剂和工业抗氧化剂是新兴关注的污染物 (CEC)，但人们对它们在北极野生动物中的分布以及这些污染物如何随时间、区域和物种之间的变化知之甚少。我们使用存档的鸡蛋样本来检查 26 种紫外线吸收剂和工业抗氧化剂在三种海鸟物种（黑腿三趾鸥Rissa tridactyla、厚嘴海鸥Uria lomvia、北风嘴Fulmarus glacialis ）中的时间模式) 于 1975 年至 2019 年间在加拿大北极地区采样。在海鸟蛋中检测到各种合成酚类抗氧化剂、芳香族仲胺、苯并三唑紫外线稳定剂和有机紫外线过滤剂。总体而言，三趾鸥的几种紫外线吸收剂和工业抗氧化剂含量较高。在 44 年的研究期间，大多数目标污染物在不同时间点达到峰值浓度，或者随着时间的推移没有显着变化。近年来，这些污染物浓度均未增加。抗氧化剂 2-6-di- tert-丁基-4-甲基苯酚 (BHT) 是海鸟卵中最常检测到的污染物，在研究期间，其水平在三趾鸥卵中显着下降，但在海鸟和富马的卵中没有变化。未来的研究应检查这些 CEC 对鸟类健康的影响、这些污染物的来源和暴露途径。