The molecular mechanism of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) for the purification of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) contaminated wastewater remains unclear. In this study, transcriptome analysis was used to explore the effect of AMF inoculation on the gene expression profile of Phragmites australis roots under different concentrations of CuO-NPs and/or flood stress. 551, 429 and 2281 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were specially regulated by AMF under combined stresses of CuO-NPs and flood, single CuO-NPs stress and single flood stress, respectively. Based on the results of DEG function annotation and enrichment analyses, AMF inoculation under CuO-NPs and/or flood stress up-regulated the expression of a number of genes involved in antioxidant defense systems, cell wall biosynthesis and transporter protein, which may contribute to plant tolerance. The expression of 30 transcription factors (TFs) was up-regulated by AMF inoculation under combined stresses of CuO-NPs and flood, and 44 and 44 TFs were up-regulated under single CuO-NPs or flood condition, respectively, which may contribute to the alleviating effect of symbiosis on CuO-NPs and/or flood stress. These results provided a theoretical basis for enhancing the ecological restoration function of wetland plants for metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) by mycorrhizal technology in the future.

垂直流人工湿地 (VFCWs) 中丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 净化氧化铜纳米粒子 (CuO-NPs) 污染废水的分子机制仍不清楚。本研究通过转录组分析探讨 AMF 接种对芦苇基因表达谱的影响。在不同浓度的 CuO-NPs 和/或洪水胁迫下的根。551、429和2281个差异表达基因（DEGs）分别在CuO-NPs和洪水联合胁迫、单CuO-NPs胁迫和单次洪水胁迫下受AMF的特殊调控。基于 DEG 功能注释和富集分析的结果，在 CuO-NPs 和/或洪水胁迫下接种 AMF 上调了一些参与抗氧化防御系统、细胞壁生物合成和转运蛋白的基因的表达，这可能有助于植物耐受性。在 CuO-NPs 和洪水的联合胁迫下，AMF 接种上调了 30 个转录因子（TFs）的表达，而在单一 CuO-NPs 或洪水条件下，分别有 44 个和 44 个 TFs 上调，这可能有助于减轻共生对 CuO-NPs 和/或洪水胁迫的影响。这些结果为今后利用菌根技术增强金属纳米粒子（MNPs）湿地植物的生态修复功能提供了理论依据。