Excessive fluoride (F⁻) levels in the environment could induce different pathological changes, including comorbidities in reproductive functions. Hence, the aim of the present in vivo study was to explore F⁻ subacute toxicity mechanisms via Benchmark dose (BMD) methodology on rat's testicles. The experiment was conducted on thirty male Wistar rats for 28 days, divided into six groups (n = 5): 1) Control (tap water); 2) 10 mg/L F⁻; 3) 25 mg/L F⁻; 4) 50 mg/L F⁻; 5) 100 mg/L F⁻; 6) 150 mg/L F⁻. Testicles were dissected out and processed for the determination of F⁻ tissue concentrations, redox status parameters, essential elements level, and DNA damage. PROASTweb 70.1 software was used for determination of external and internal dose-response relationship. The results confirmed a significant increase in superoxide anion (O₂^.-), total oxidative status (TOS), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), DNA damage levels, and decrease in superoxide dismutase activity (SOD1) and total thiol (SH) groups. The dose-dependent changes were confirmed for SOD1 activity and DNA damage. The most sensitive parameters were SOD1 activity and DNA damage with the lowest BMDLs 0.1 μg F⁻/kg b. w. Since human and animal populations are daily and frequently unconsciously exposed to F⁻, this dose-response study is valuable for further research regarding the F⁻ health risk assessment.

环境中过量的氟化物 (F ^- ) 水平会导致不同的病理变化，包括生殖功能的合并症。因此，本体内研究的目的是通过大鼠睾丸的基准剂量 (BMD) 方法探索 F ^-亚急性毒性机制。实验在 30 只雄性Wistar大鼠上进行 28 天，分为六组（n = 5）： 1）对照（自来水）；2) 10 毫克/LF ^- ; 3) 25mg/LF ^- ; 4) 50 mg/LF ^- ; 5) 100 mg/LF ^- ; 6) 150 毫克/LF ^-。解剖睾丸并进行处理以测定 F ^-组织浓度、氧化还原状态参数、必需元素水平和 DNA 损伤。PROASTweb 70.1 软件用于确定外部和内部剂量反应关系。结果证实超氧阴离子 (O ₂ ^.- )、总氧化状态 (TOS)、铜 (Cu)、锌 (Zn)、铁 (Fe)、DNA 损伤水平和超氧化物歧化酶活性 (SOD1) 显着增加) 和总硫醇 (SH) 基团。SOD1 活性和 DNA 损伤证实了剂量依赖性变化。最敏感的参数是 SOD1 活性和 DNA 损伤，最低 BMDLs 为 0.1 μg F ^- /kg bw 因为人类和动物群体每天并且经常无意识地暴露于 F ^-，这项剂量反应研究对于进一步研究 F ^-健康风险评估很有价值。