The first global survey of organophosphate esters (OPEs) and their metabolites (mOPEs) in milk was carried out in this study. Concentrations of 21 OPEs and 9 mOPEs were measured in 178 milk samples collected from 30 countries located on 5 continents, and the ubiquity of both OPEs and mOPEs was observed in milk. Concentrations of ∑₂₁OPEs ranged from 53.3 pg/mL to 4270 pg/mL, with a median level of 367 pg/mL. The median level of ∑₉mOPEs was 153 pg/mL, with a range of 15–7440 pg/mL. No difference was observed among the levels of both ∑₂₁OPEs and ∑₉mOPEs in milk from the five continents. For the relationship between mOPEs and their parent OPEs, some pairs presented significant and positive correlations, which indicated that they shared similar sources. Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of OPEs/mOPEs via milk consumption were calculated. Asian countries presented relatively low EDIs, and European and American countries, especially Denmark, the Netherlands, Finland and Argentina, presented high EDIs. Current daily OPE intake via milk consumption for global adult populations was far lower than the corresponding reference dose; however, considering that human intake of OPEs occurs via multiple sources, it is too early to conclude that the intake of OPEs were unable to cause health concerns.

本研究对牛奶中的有机磷酸酯 (OPE) 及其代谢物 (mOPE) 进行了首次全球调查。在从 5 大洲 30 个国家采集的 178 个牛奶样品中测量了 21 种 OPE 和 9 种 mOPE 的浓度，并观察到牛奶中普遍存在 OPE 和 mOPE。∑ ₂₁ OPE 的浓度范围为 53.3 pg/mL 至 4270 pg/mL，中位水平为 367 pg/mL。∑ ₉ mOPEs 的中值水平为 153 pg/mL，范围为 15-7440 pg/mL。_{Σ 21} OPE 和 Σ ₉的水平之间没有观察到差异来自五大洲的牛奶中的 mOPE。对于mOPEs与其父OPEs之间的关系，一些对呈现出显着的正相关，这表明它们具有相似的来源。计算通过牛奶消耗的 OPEs/mOPEs 的估计每日摄入量 (EDIs)。亚洲国家的EDI相对较低，而欧美国家，尤其是丹麦、荷兰、芬兰和阿根廷的EDI较高。目前全球成年人每天通过牛奶摄入的 OPE 摄入量远低于相应的参考剂量；然而，考虑到人类摄入 OPE 是通过多种来源发生的，因此得出结论认为 OPE 的摄入不会引起健康问题还为时过早。