Mining as one of the fundamental elements of the economy has left tens of thousands of mines abandoned. With increased urbanisation and population growth, industrial or residential sites become prone to post-mining geotechnical hazards such as subsidence from abandoned mining sites. Instabilities of abandoned workings may, also, interfere with active mining, imposing risks and considerable delays in the operations. Proper knowledge of these geotechnical hazards and the mechanisms of instabilities are critical for the classification and prioritisation of the sites for rehabilitation or repurposing of abandoned mining sites.

The long-term stability analysis of abandoned mine workings is a complex task for engineering geologists and rock engineers. Numerous factors have been identified here as affecting the stability of underground mining excavations including depth, age, shape, and geometry of the mining excavations, underground water, in-situ stress state in the area, geotechnical characteristics, discontinuities, seismic loading and most importantly weathering and deterioration of the rock masses.

To provide an efficient approach for assessing the complex phenomena of geotechnical hazards associated with shallow abandoned underground stopes in hard rock environments, with interconnected parameters, this study proposes a systematic approach by adopting and modifying the Rock Engineering System, RES, (Hudson 1992b). An Interaction Matrix is developed, the critical factors and dominant modes of instabilities are identified, and the hazard potentials are determined. An empirical index known as the Abandoned Mine Instability Index, AMII, is proposed to enable a quick and preliminary assessment of geotechnical instability and subsidence hazards in post-mining areas. This systematic approach was tested against one case history involving multiple crown pillar collapses and sinkhole subsidence incidents related to historic underground stope mining followed by a modern adjacent open pit at the Waihi mine in New Zealand. Information from relevant literature was used to assess the post-mining geotechnical hazards. The outcomes of the study indicate that the methodology can be successfully applied to differentiate between stable and unstable areas at the same mine. Future comparisons of mines in different regions are required to fully confirm the calibration of the AMII.

采矿作为经济的基本要素之一，已经废弃了数以万计的矿山。随着城市化进程的加快和人口的增长，工业或住宅区变得容易出现采矿后岩土工程危害，例如废弃矿区的沉降。废弃工作的不稳定性也可能会干扰积极的采矿，带来风险和操作的相当大的延误。正确了解这些岩土工程灾害和不稳定机制对于对废弃矿区进行修复或重新利用的场地进行分类和优先排序至关重要。

废弃矿井的长期稳定性分析对于工程地质学家和岩石工程师来说是一项复杂的任务。这里确定了影响地下采矿开挖稳定性的许多因素，包括采矿开挖的深度、年龄、形状和几何形状、地下水、该地区的地应力状态、岩土特征、不连续性、地震载荷，最重要的是岩体的风化和退化。

为了提供一种有效的方法来评估与硬岩环境中浅层废弃地下采场相关的复杂岩土灾害现象，并使用相互关联的参数，本研究通过采用和修改岩石工程系统 RES（Hudson 1992b）提出了一种系统方法。开发了一个交互矩阵，识别了关键因素和主要的不稳定性模式，并确定了潜在的危险。提出了一种称为废弃矿山不稳定性指数 (AMII) 的经验指数，以便能够对采矿后地区的岩土工程不稳定性和沉降危害进行快速和初步的评估。这种系统方法针对一个案例历史进行了测试，该案例涉及与历史悠久的地下采场采矿相关的多个顶柱倒塌和天坑沉降事件，随后是新西兰 Waihi 矿的一个现代相邻露天矿。来自相关文献的信息用于评估采后岩土工程危害。研究结果表明，该方法可以成功地应用于区分同一矿山的稳定区域和不稳定区域。未来需要对不同地区的矿山进行比较，以充分确认AMII的校准。研究结果表明，该方法可以成功地应用于区分同一矿山的稳定区域和不稳定区域。未来需要对不同地区的矿山进行比较，以充分确认AMII的校准。研究结果表明，该方法可以成功地应用于区分同一矿山的稳定区域和不稳定区域。未来需要对不同地区的矿山进行比较，以充分确认AMII的校准。