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SAF-3DNet: Unsupervised AMP-Inspired Network for 3-D MMW SAR Imaging and Autofocusing
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-12 , DOI: 10.1109/tgrs.2022.3205628
Zichen Zhou, Shunjun Wei, Hao Zhang, Rong Shen, Mou Wang, Jun Shi, Xiaoling Zhang

The sparse imaging method based on compressed sensing (CS) is widely used in the field of millimeter-wave (MMW) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. However, 3-D sparse imaging is limited by the difficult parameter tuning, the huge computational load, and the low processing efficiency. In addition, due to the motion errors and model mismatch, it is difficult to obtain well-focused results without error correction techniques. To address these issues, we propose a deep learning framework that integrates 3-D sparse imaging and autofocusing, named 3-D sparse autofocusing network (SAF-3DNet) for MMW SAR data processing. The network is constructed based on an auto-encoder, which can optimize parameters without effective ground truth. The backbone structure of the encoder is expanded by approximate message-passing (AMP), and the operators in the frequency domain are used to replace the traditional matrix-vector CS model, which avoids large-scale matrix multiplication and other operations, and greatly improves the operation efficiency. In addition, the 2-D phase error estimation in the cross-range plane is embedded into the sparse imaging models, enabling simultaneous 3-D imaging and autofocusing. The decoder is designed as a mapping from the autofocusing results to the echo data. Experimental results based on both simulated and measured data demonstrate the proposed SAF-3DNet can achieve well-focused 3-D reconstruction within an ephemeral time, which expresses the potential of 3-D MMW SAR real-time and high-quality imaging.

中文翻译:

SAF-3DNet:用于 3-D MMW SAR 成像和自动对焦的无监督 AMP 启发网络

基于压缩感知(CS)的稀疏成像方法广泛应用于毫米波(MMW)合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像领域。然而,3-D稀疏成像受到参数调整困难、计算量大和处理效率低的限制。此外,由于运动误差和模型不匹配,如果没有纠错技术,很难获得聚焦良好的结果。为了解决这些问题,我们提出了一种集成了 3-D 稀疏成像和自动对焦的深度学习框架,称为用于 MMW SAR 数据处理的 3-D 稀疏自动对焦网络 (SAF-3DNet)。该网络是基于自动编码器构建的,它可以在没有有效地面实况的情况下优化参数。编码器的主干结构通过近似消息传递(AMP)进行扩展,采用频域算子代替传统的矩阵-向量CS模型,避免了大规模的矩阵乘法等运算,大大提高了运算效率。此外,跨距平面中的 2-D 相位误差估计被嵌入到稀疏成像模型中,实现了同时 3-D 成像和自动对焦。解码器被设计为从自动聚焦结果到回波数据的映射。基于模拟和实测数据的实验结果表明,所提出的 SAF-3DNet 可以在短暂的时间内实现聚焦良好的 3-D 重建,这体现了 3-D MMW SAR 实时和高质量成像的潜力。大大提高了运行效率。此外,跨距平面中的 2-D 相位误差估计被嵌入到稀疏成像模型中,实现了同时 3-D 成像和自动对焦。解码器被设计为从自动聚焦结果到回波数据的映射。基于模拟和实测数据的实验结果表明,所提出的 SAF-3DNet 可以在短暂的时间内实现聚焦良好的 3-D 重建,这体现了 3-D MMW SAR 实时和高质量成像的潜力。大大提高了运行效率。此外,跨距平面中的 2-D 相位误差估计被嵌入到稀疏成像模型中,实现了同时 3-D 成像和自动对焦。解码器被设计为从自动聚焦结果到回波数据的映射。基于模拟和实测数据的实验结果表明,所提出的 SAF-3DNet 可以在短暂的时间内实现聚焦良好的 3-D 重建,这体现了 3-D MMW SAR 实时和高质量成像的潜力。
更新日期:2022-09-12
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