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Effect of dietary protein source and ingredient grinding size on fish performance, faecal waste production and characteristics of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) fed restrictively and to apparent satiation
Aquaculture ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-29 , DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738875
Peter Horstmann, Roel M. Maas, Xander V. de Boer, Theodorus M.B. de Jong, Thomas W.O. Staessen, Fotini Kokou, Johan W. Schrama

Recently, yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) is being cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Yellowtail kingfish have a poor faecal integrity, which makes the removal of faeces by traditional RAS technology difficult. Reducing the faecal waste load in RAS can be achieved by reducing the amount of faeces produced (e.g., increasing digestibility) and/or increasing the removal of faeces. This study assessed the effect of partial fish meal replacement by plant ingredients and the effect of ingredient grinding size on the amount of faecal waste produced and faecal characteristics, like faecal removal efficiency and particle size distribution (PSD), in yellowtail kingfish. This was investigated during two 35-d experiments, where fish were fed restrictively (experiment R) or to apparent satiation (experiment S). For each experiment, individual batches of four experimental diets were produced according to a 2 × 2 factorial design (protein source × ingredient grinding size). The formulas used were identical for both experiments. FM100 diets contained only fish meal as protein source, whilst at FM30-P70 diets approximately 70% of the fish meal were replaced by plant protein ingredients. The effect of ingredient grinding size was tested by including 40% of either a fine or coarse grinding mixture. Tanks were stocked with 20 fish and 27 fish for experiment R and experiment S, respectively. For each tank, fish performance, faecal waste production, faecal removal efficiency and faecal PSD were measured. During both experiments, ingredient grinding size did not affect the faecal removal efficiency or PSD, whilst fish fed the fine FM30-P70 diets restrictively showed a lower faecal waste production. The inclusion of plant ingredients resulted in a lower absolute growth and higher FCR. Furthermore, fish fed the FM30-P70 diets showed a higher faecal waste production, a smaller PSD and a lower faecal removal efficiency. This ultimately resulted in a higher amount of non-recovered faeces by 58.3% and 37.1% compared to FM100 diets for the experiment R and experiment S, respectively. In conclusion, the replacement of fish meal with plant ingredients in yellowtail kingfish diets is challenging due to the adverse effects on fish performance, faecal waste production and faecal characteristics. However, feeding yellowtail kingfish to apparent satiation partly reduced these adverse effects of plant ingredient inclusion in terms of faecal waste production and faecal characteristics. Reducing the ingredient grinding size of yellowtail kingfish diets tended to lower the faecal waste production, whilst not negatively affecting the fish performance or faecal characteristics.



中文翻译:

日粮蛋白质来源和配料研磨尺寸对限制饲喂和明显饱食的黄尾鰤鱼生产性能、粪便废物产生和特性的影响

最近,黄尾王鱼(Seriola lalandi) 正在循环水产养殖系统 (RAS) 中养殖。黄尾王鱼的粪便完整性较差,这使得传统的 RAS 技术难以去除粪便。可以通过减少产生的粪便量(例如,增加消化率)和/或增加粪便的去除来减少 RAS 中的粪便废物负荷。本研究评估了用植物成分替代部分鱼粉的效果以及成分研磨尺寸对黄尾王鱼产生的粪便量和粪便特性(如粪便去除效率和粒度分布 (PSD))的影响。这在两个 35 天的实验中进行了调查,其中鱼被限制性地喂食(实验 R)或明显饱食(实验 S)。对于每个实验,根据 2 × 2 因子设计(蛋白质来源 × 原料研磨尺寸)生产单独批次的四种实验日粮。两个实验使用的公式相同。FM100日粮仅含有鱼粉作为蛋白质来源,而在FM30-P70日粮中,大约 70% 的鱼粉被植物蛋白成分取代。通过加入 40% 的细磨粗磨混合物来测试成分研磨尺寸的影响。分别为实验 R 和实验 S 放养了 20 条鱼和 27 条鱼。对于每个鱼缸,测量鱼的性能、粪便产生量、粪便去除效率和粪便 PSD。在这两个实验中,原料研磨尺寸不影响粪便去除效率或 PSD,而鱼喂食精细 FM30-P70饮食限制性地显示出较低的粪便废物产生。包含植物成分导致较低的绝对生长和较高的 FCR。此外,饲喂FM30-P70日粮的鱼表现出更高的粪便废物产量、更小的 PSD 和更低的粪便去除效率。与FM100相比,这最终导致未回收的粪便量增加了 58.3% 和 37.1%分别用于实验 R 和实验 S 的饮食。总之,由于对鱼类性能、粪便废物产生和粪便特性的不利影响,在黄尾鰤鱼日粮中用植物成分替代鱼粉具有挑战性。然而,将黄尾鰤鱼喂食至明显饱食部分减少了植物成分在粪便产生和粪便特征方面的这些不利影响。减少黄尾鰤鱼饲料的原料研磨尺寸往往会降低粪便废物的产生,同时不会对鱼的性能或粪便特性产生负面影响。

更新日期:2022-09-29
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