Abstract

Like any military power, violent non-state actors operate intelligence, including human intelligence (HUMINT), to suit their needs. The article aims to explore the primary methods used by Hezbollah and Hamas in recruiting and handling human sources since the mid-2000s, illustrating each method with several case studies. An examination of these methods may shed light on a significant aspect of the intelligence war waged by Hezbollah and Hamas against Israel. In addition, analysis of these organizations’ HUMINT activity demonstrates how violent non-state actors, which are inherently the weaker side in their asymmetric warfare against advanced state entities, can compensate for their disadvantages and conduct effective intelligence activity. The article reveals how the clever and creative use of HUMINT maximizes its benefits for violent non-state actors.

摘要

与任何军事力量一样，暴力非国家行为者也运用情报，包括人类情报 (HUMINT) 来满足他们的需求。本文旨在探讨自 2000 年代中期以来真主党和哈马斯在招募和处理人力资源方面使用的主要方法，并通过几个案例研究来说明每种方法。对这些方法的研究可能会揭示真主党和哈马斯针对以色列发动的情报战的一个重要方面。此外，对这些组织的人力情报活动的分析表明，暴力的非国家行为者在针对先进国家实体的不对称战争中本质上是较弱的一方，如何弥补自己的劣势并开展有效的情报活动。