This research presents a design approach of a dual-band virtual antenna array for future flying ad-hoc networks. The design approach consists in applying non-uniform positions and the time modulation technique as element excitations. The main problem is to generate the positions and time sequences that permit low side lobes, as well as low harmonics in the radiation pattern of 2.4 GHz and 5.5 GHz. This problem is solved by utilizing the algorithm of differential evolution for multiobjective optimization. It is presented a virtual array with eight microstrip fed-slot antennas mounted on real drone bodies. The results are analyzed with a comparison among the patterns generated of a uniform array, the patterns generated of a non-uniform array and the pattern generated of a non-uniform array with perturbations in the element positions. The results show the good performance of the array even if the element positions are perturbed due to the sudden flight movements. It was achieved a side lobe level reduction of 7.36 dBi for 2.4 GHz and 5.8 dBi for 5.5 GHz with respect to the maximum directivity of the main lobe. And a harmonic level reduction of 7.7 dBi for both frequencies with respect to the maximum directivity of the main lobe.

本研究提出了一种用于未来飞行自组织网络的双频虚拟天线阵列的设计方法。设计方法包括应用非均匀位置和时间调制技术作为元素激励。主要问题是生成允许低旁瓣的位置和时间序列，以及 2.4 GHz 和 5.5 GHz 辐射方向图中的低谐波。这个问题是通过利用差分进化算法进行多目标优化来解决的。它展示了一个虚拟阵列，其中八个微带馈电槽天线安装在真实的无人机机身上。通过比较均匀阵列生成的图案、非均匀阵列生成的图案和具有元素位置扰动的非均匀阵列生成的图案来分析结果。结果表明，即使元素位置由于突然的飞行运动而受到扰动，阵列的性能也很好。相对于主瓣的最大方向性，2.4 GHz 的旁瓣电平降低了 7.36 dBi，5.5 GHz 的旁瓣电平降低了 5.8 dBi。相对于主瓣的最大方向性，两个频率的谐波电平降低了 7.7 dBi。