Smart contracts are the key software components to realize blockchain applications, from single encrypted digital currency to various fields. Due to the immutable nature of blockchain, any bugs or errors will become permanent once published and could lead to huge economic losses. Recently, a great number of security problems have been exposed in smart contracts. It is important to verify the correctness of smart contracts before they are deployed on the blockchain. This paper aims to verify the correctness of smart contracts in Ethereum transactions, and the model checker Spin is adopted for the formal verification of smart contracts in order to ensure their execution with respect to parties’ willingness, as well as their reliable interaction with clients. In this direction, we propose a formal method to construct the models for smart contracts. Then, the method is applied to a study case in the Ethereum commodity market. Finally, a case model is implemented in Spin, which can simulate the process’s execution and verify the properties that are abstracted from the requirements. Compared with existing techniques, formal analysis can verify whether smart contracts comply with the specifications for given behaviors and strengthen the credibility of smart contracts in the transaction.

中文翻译：

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使用 Spin 对智能合约进行形式化建模和验证

智能合约是实现区块链应用的关键软件组件，从单一加密数字货币到各个领域。由于区块链的不可变性，任何错误或错误一旦发布就会成为永久性的，并可能导致巨大的经济损失。近期，智能合约暴露出大量安全问题。在将智能合约部署到区块链之前验证其正确性非常重要。本文旨在验证以太坊交易中智能合约的正确性，并采用模型检查器 Spin 对智能合约进行形式化验证，以确保合约的执行符合各方的意愿，以及与客户的可靠交互。在这个方向上，我们提出了一种形式化的方法来构建智能合约的模型。然后，将该方法应用于以太坊商品市场的一个研究案例。最后，在 Spin 中实现了一个案例模型，它可以模拟流程的执行并验证从需求中抽象出来的属性。与现有技术相比，形式分析可以验证智能合约是否符合给定行为的规范，增强智能合约在交易中的可信度。