Objective. This research is aimed at studying the effect of microwave ablation combined with the antiprogrammed death- (PD-) 1 monoclonal antibody on T cell subsets and long-term prognosis in patients suffering from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods. Employing the random number table technique, a total of 122 NSCLC patients who received treatment at our hospital between May 2015 and June 2019 were selected and assigned to the observation group and the control group, and each group comprised 61 patients (). While the control group received only anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody treatment, the observation group received microwave ablation in combination with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody. The clinical efficacy was observed for both groups. The levels of T cell subsets (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+), serum tumor markers (squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), cytokeratin Ig fragment (CYFRA21-1), and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), protease C (PKC), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) mRNA expression between the two groups were compared. The frequency of adverse reactions was observed in both groups. The survival time of both the groups was recorded over the course of three years of follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed for analyzing the survival of both the control and the observation group. Results. The response rate (RR) of the observation group (80.33%) was considerably greater in comparison to that of the control group (62.30%) (). Following treatment, the observation group’s levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, SCCA, CyFRA21-1, and CEA and the mRNA expressions of NF-κB, PKC, and MAPK were superior to those of the control group, with statistical significances (all ). Between the two groups, there was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions (). The observation group had greater 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates (57.38%, 39.34%, and 29.51%) than the control group (32.79%, 18.03%, and 8.20%), with statistically significant differences (all ). Conclusion. Microwave ablation in combination with an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody could effectively improve the level of T cell subsets and serum tumor markers in NSCLC patients, resulting in a long-term prognosis of patients with good therapeutic effect and safety.

中文翻译：

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微波消融联合抗PD-1单克隆抗体对非小细胞肺癌患者T细胞亚群及远期预后的影响

客观。本研究旨在研究微波消融联合抗程序性死亡（PD-）1单克隆抗体对非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者T细胞亚群及长期预后的影响。方法。采用随机数字表技术，选取2015年5月至2019年6月在我院接受治疗的122例NSCLC患者，分为观察组和对照组，每组61例（）。对照组仅接受抗PD-1单克隆抗体治疗，观察组接受微波消融联合抗PD-1单克隆抗体治疗。观察两组临床疗效。T细胞亚群（CD3+、CD4+和CD8+）、血清肿瘤标志物（鳞状细胞癌抗原（SCCA）、细胞角蛋白Ig片段（CYFRA21-1）和血清癌胚抗原（CEA））、核因子κB（ NF- κB)、蛋白酶C(PKC)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)mRNA表达比较两组间。观察两组不良反应发生率。在三年的随访过程中记录了两组的生存时间。Kaplan-Meier 法用于分析对照组和观察组的生存情况。结果。观察组的缓解率（RR）（80.33%）明显高于对照组（62.30%）（）。治疗后观察组CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、SCCA、CyFRA21-1、CEA水平及NF-κB、PKC、MAPK mRNA表达优于对照组，具有统计学意义（均）。两组间不良反应发生率无显着差异（）。观察组1、2、3年生存率（57.38%、39.34%、29.51%）高于对照组（32.79%、18.03%、8.20%），差异有统计学意义（均）。 结论。微波消融联合抗PD-1单克隆抗体可有效提高NSCLC患者的T细胞亚群水平和血清肿瘤标志物水平，使患者的远期预后良好且安全。