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Quantifying mangrove canopy regrowth and recovery after Hurricane Irma with large-scale repeat airborne lidar in the Florida Everglades
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation ( IF 7.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-09-25 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2022.103031
Lin Xiong, David Lagomasino, Sean P. Charles, Edward Castañeda-Moya, Bruce D. Cook, Jed Redwine, Lola Fatoyinbo

Hurricane Irma caused significant damages to mangrove forested wetlands in south Florida, including defoliation, tree snapping, and uprooting. Previous studies have used optical satellite imagery to estimate large-scale forest disturbance and resilience patterns. However, satellite images alone cannot provide measurements of vertical mangrove structure. In this study, we used dense point cloud data collected by NASA Goddard’s LiDAR, Hyperspectral, and Thermal (G-LiHT) airborne imager before (March 2017) and after (December 2017 and March 2020) Hurricane Irma to quantify the recovery, or lack thereof, of the three-dimensional (3D) mangrove forest structure. Recent resilience and vulnerability models developed from Landsat time series following the storm were used to group the lidar data into distinct disturbance-recovery classes. We then analyzed lidar-based forest canopy within each of the recovery classes to test a suite of forest structural characteristics. Our results indicate that 77.0 % of the survey area experienced canopy height loss three months after Hurricane Irma, whereby the majority of canopy height loss occurred in areas with the tallest mangrove forests (i.e., 15–25 m tall). Our analysis shows that the mangrove canopy height in South Florida increased by an average 0.26 m from December 2017 to March 2020, with most of the forest (84.7 % of the survey area) experiencing canopy height regrowth. However, only 38.1 % of the survey area has recovered to pre-storm canopy height. The distribution of canopy height was significantly altered by Hurricane Irma in the low and intermediate resilience classes, but were not significantly different 2.5 years later. Indeed, in areas of low resilience, little to no vertical change has occurred suggesting the absence of canopy regrowth and natural regeneration. Conversely, mangroves in high resilience class, which are dominated by shorter canopies (<5 m), were not heavily damaged by the storm and have maintained the same structural attributes as those before Hurricane Irma. Our findings highlight that hurricane disturbances significantly alter mangrove forest canopy structure, but recovery of vertical structure varies by resilience classes, species composition, and canopy height.



中文翻译:

在佛罗里达大沼泽地使用大规模重复机载激光雷达对飓风艾尔玛后红树林树冠的再生和恢复进行量化

飓风艾尔玛对佛罗里达州南部的红树林湿地造成了重大破坏,包括落叶、树木折断和连根拔起。以前的研究使用光学卫星图像来估计大规模森林干扰和恢复模式。然而,仅靠卫星图像无法提供垂直红树林结构的测量值。在这项研究中,我们使用美国宇航局戈达德的激光雷达、高光谱和热 (G-LiHT) 机载成像仪在飓风艾尔玛之前(2017 年 3 月)和之后(2017 年 12 月和 2020 年 3 月)收集的密集点云数据来量化恢复或缺乏其中,三维(3D)红树林结构。最近从风暴之后的 Landsat 时间序列开发的弹性和脆弱性模型用于将激光雷达数据分组为不同的干扰恢复类别。然后,我们分析了每个恢复类别中基于激光雷达的森林冠层,以测试一套森林结构特征。我们的结果表明,77.0% 的调查区域在飓风艾尔玛之后三个月经历了冠层高度损失,其中大部分冠层高度损失发生在红树林最高的地区(即 15-25 米高)。我们的分析表明,从 2017 年 12 月到 2020 年 3 月,南佛罗里达州的红树林冠层高度平均增加了 0.26 m,大部分森林(占调查面积的 84.7%)都经历了冠层高度再生。然而,只有 38.1% 的调查区域恢复到暴风雨前的冠层高度。飓风艾尔玛在低恢复和中等恢复等级中显着改变了冠层高度的分布,但在 2.5 年后没有显着差异。的确,在恢复力低的地区,几乎没有发生垂直变化,表明没有树冠再生和自然再生。相反,以较短的树冠 (<5 m) 为主的高复原力类红树林没有受到风暴的严重破坏,并且保持了与飓风厄玛之前相同的结构属性。我们的研究结果强调,飓风扰动显着改变了红树林冠层结构,但垂直结构的恢复因复原力等级、物种组成和冠层高度而异。没有受到风暴的严重破坏,并且保持了与飓风艾尔玛之前相同的结构属性。我们的研究结果强调,飓风扰动显着改变了红树林冠层结构,但垂直结构的恢复因复原力等级、物种组成和冠层高度而异。没有受到风暴的严重破坏,并且保持了与飓风艾尔玛之前相同的结构属性。我们的研究结果强调,飓风扰动显着改变了红树林冠层结构,但垂直结构的恢复因复原力等级、物种组成和冠层高度而异。

更新日期:2022-09-25
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