Oncogenes commonly amplify on circular extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) molecules in cancer. We show that ecDNA shapes each of the foundational principles of Darwinian evolution — random inheritance by descent, enhanced variation through random segregation, and selection — and thereby promotes rapid genome change, treatment resistance and poor outcomes for patients with cancer.

中文翻译：

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破译人类癌症中染色体外 DNA 的进化动力学

致癌基因通常在癌症中的环状染色体外 DNA (ecDNA) 分子上扩增。我们表明，ecDNA 塑造了达尔文进化论的每一个基本原则——通过血统随机遗传、通过随机分离和选择增强变异——从而促进了癌症患者的快速基因组变化、治疗抵抗和不良结果。