Crop domestication usually leads to the narrowing genetic diversity. However, human selection mainly focuses on visible traits, such as yield and plant morphology, with most metabolic changes being invisible to the naked eye. Buckwheat accumulates abundant bioactive substances, making it a dual-purpose crop with excellent nutritional and medical value. Therefore, examining the wiring of these invisible metabolites during domestication is of major importance. The comprehensive profiling of 200 Tartary buckwheat accessions exhibits 540 metabolites modified as a consequence of human selection. Metabolic genome-wide association study illustrates 384 mGWAS signals for 336 metabolites are under selection. Further analysis showed that an R2R3-MYB transcription factor FtMYB43 positively regulates the synthesis of procyanidin. Glycoside hydrolase gene FtSAGH1 is characterized as responsible for the release of active salicylic acid, the precursor of aspirin and indispensably in plant defence. UDP-glucosyltransferase gene FtUGT74L2 is characterized as involved in the glycosylation of emodin, a major medicinal component specific in Polygonaceae. The lower expression of FtSAGH1 and FtUGT74L2 were associated with the reduction of salicylic acid and soluble EmG owing to domestication. This first large-scale metabolome profiling in Tartary buckwheat will facilitate genetic improvement of medicinal properties and disease resistance in Tartary buckwheat.

中文翻译：

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苦荞驯化过程中种子代谢组的重新布线

作物驯化通常会导致遗传多样性缩小。然而，人类选择主要关注可见性状，例如产量和植物形态，而大多数代谢变化是肉眼不可见的。荞麦富含丰富的生物活性物质，是一种营养和药用价值极佳的两用作物。因此，在驯化过程中检查这些不可见代谢物的连接非常重要。对 200 份苦荞种质的综合分析显示，540 种代谢物因人类选择而发生了修饰。代谢全基因组关联研究表明正在选择 336 种代谢物的 384 mGWAS 信号。进一步分析表明，R2R3-MYB 转录因子 FtMYB43 正向调节原花青素的合成。糖苷水解酶基因FtSAGH1的特点是负责释放活性水杨酸，这是阿司匹林的前体，在植物防御中不可或缺。UDP-葡萄糖基转移酶基因FtUGT74L2的特征在于参与大黄素的糖基化，大黄素是蓼科特有的主要药用成分。由于驯化， FtSAGH1和FtUGT74L2的较低表达与水杨酸和可溶性 EmG 的减少有关。首次对苦荞进行大规模代谢组学分析，将促进苦荞药用特性和抗病性的遗传改良。