Innovation in hydraulic fracturing methods and micro-seismic technology, along with higher energy prices until 2014, led to oil and gas booms in various U.S. shale plays. While this appears to be a positive event for the country, it is unclear whether and how local communities benefit in the long-term from unconventional gas development. This paper evaluates the impact of oil and gas development on occupation-specific job growth in resource-intensive economies using a unique dataset with annual county employment at the 2- and 5-digit 2010 Standard Occupation Classification (SOC) code combined with education, experience, and training requirements from the O*NET database. Using a first-difference methodology, we find that oil and gas booms have a significant positive impact on occupational job growth in derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, truck drivers, secretaries, and engineers, with human capital requirements ranging from less than a high school diploma to at least a bachelor's degree. While occupations associated with oil and gas development and their human capital requirements vary, the results suggest that many of these occupations require workers to have vocational and technical training in addition to a high school diploma, thereby indicating greater demand for workers with intermediate skills in affected areas. Changes in human capital composition resulting from oil and gas development could have significant impacts on a region's ability to respond to energy busts and affect its economic resilience.

直到 2014 年，水力压裂方法和微地震技术的创新，以及能源价格的上涨，导致美国各种页岩油区的石油和天然气蓬勃发展。虽然这似乎对该国来说是一个积极的事件，但目前尚不清楚当地社区是否以及如何长期受益来自非常规天然气开发。本文使用独特的数据集评估石油和天然气开发对资源密集型经济体特定职业就业增长的影响，该数据集具有 2 位和 5 位 2010 年标准职业分类 (SOC) 代码的年度县就业率，并结合教育、经验，以及来自 O*NET 数据库的培训要求。使用一阶差分方法，我们发现石油和天然气的繁荣对井架、旋转钻机和服务单位操作员、卡车司机、秘书和工程师的职业就业增长有显着的积极影响，人力资本要求从低于高中文凭，至少是学士学位。虽然与石油和天然气开发相关的职业及其人力资本要求各不相同，但 结果表明，其中许多职业要求工人除高中文凭外还接受职业和技术培训，从而表明受影响地区对具有中级技能的工人的需求更大。石油和天然气开发导致的人力资本构成变化可能对一个地区应对能源萧条的能力产生重大影响，并影响其经济弹性。