Magnetic skyrmions are nanoscale magnetic whirls that are highly stable and can be moved by currents which has led to the prediction of a skyrmion-based artificial neuron device with leak-integrate-fire functionality. However, so far, these devices lack a refractory process, estimated to be crucial for neuronal dynamics. Here we demonstrate that a biskyrmion-based artificial neuron overcomes this insufficiency. When driven by spin-orbit torques, a single biskyrmion splits into two subskyrmions that move towards a designated location and can be detected electrically, resembling the excitation process of a neuron that fires ultimately. The attractive interaction of the two skyrmions leads to a unique trajectory: Once they reach the detector area, they automatically return to the center to reform the biskyrmion but on a different path. During this reset period, the neuron cannot fire again. Our suggested device resembles a biological neuron with the leak, integrate, fire and refractory characteristics better than all existing artificial devices so far.

中文翻译：

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具有不应期的基于 Biskyrmion 的人工神经元

磁性斯格明子是高度稳定的纳米级磁性漩涡，可以通过电流移动，这导致了基于斯格明子的人工神经元设备的预测，该设备具有泄漏-集成-发射功能。然而，到目前为止，这些装置缺乏一个难以控制的过程，据估计这对神经元动力学至关重要。在这里，我们证明了基于 biskyrmion 的人工神经元克服了这种不足。当由自旋轨道扭矩驱动时，单个 biskyrmion 分裂成两个 subskyrmion，它们向指定位置移动并且可以被电检测，类似于最终触发的神经元的激发过程。两个斯格明子的吸引力相互作用导致了一条独特的轨迹：一旦它们到达检测器区域，它们就会自动返回中心以重新形成双斯格明子，但路径不同。在此重置期间，神经元无法再次触发。我们建议的装置类似于生物神经元，具有比目前所有现有人工装置更好的泄漏、整合、激发和耐火特性。