The ability of insect orientation measurement of entomological radars supported the study of insect heading behaviors. However, the current entomological radars can only measure the 2-D orientation that is the projection of the 3-D orientation on the horizontal plane. The ability to measure the 3-D orientation of insect will promote the study of the vertical and 3-D heading behaviors of insect. In this study, an insect 3-D orientation estimation method based on cooperative observation from two views of entomological radars is proposed. The expression of 3-D orientation is deduced based on 2-D orientation, azimuth, and elevation measured with two radars at different stations through vector operation. The simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The result shows that the estimation error of 3-D orientation depends on that of the 2-D orientation and the included angle between two lines of sight of two radars. A multiaspect fully polarimetric rig is designed to measure insect echo signals from two aspects in a microwave anechoic chamber. The experiment data are used to further validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

中文翻译：

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昆虫雷达两种视角下基于协同观测的昆虫三维方向估计

昆虫雷达的昆虫定向测量能力支持了昆虫头向行为的研究。然而，目前的昆虫雷达只能测量二维方向，即二维方向在水平面上的投影。测量昆虫3-D方向的能力将促进昆虫垂直和3-D航向行为的研究。在这项研究中，提出了一种基于昆虫雷达两个视图协同观察的昆虫3-D方向估计方法。3维方位的表达式是根据两台雷达在不同台站测得的2维方位、方位角和仰角，通过矢量运算推导出来的。通过仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。结果表明，三维方位的估计误差取决于二维方位的估计误差和两台雷达两条视线的夹角。多方面全极化装置设计用于在微波消声室中从两个方面测量昆虫回波信号。实验数据用于进一步验证所提方法的有效性。