By approximately 6 years of age, children can use time-based visual selection to ignore stationary stimuli, already in the visual field and prioritize the selection of newly arriving stimuli. This ability can be studied using preview search, a version of the visual search paradigm with an added temporal component, in which one set of distractors is presented (previewed) before a second set that contains the target item. Preview search is more efficient than if all items are presented simultaneously, suggesting that temporally "old" objects can be ignored (the preview benefit). In two experiments, we examined the developmental trajectory for time-based visual selection in a sample of 192 6-, 8-, and 12-year-old children (49% female, predominantly White), with adults as controls (75% female, predominantly White), in the United Kingdom. The results showed an absence of the ability to ignore previewed moving distractors in 6-year-olds and confirmed its presence from 8 years of age. However, full development of this ability, which includes maintaining inhibition of previewed items over extended periods, was only present from the age of 12. Individual differences in executive functions, namely inhibition, were associated with preview search efficiency in 6-year-olds and adults. Overall, the results suggest a developmental trajectory in the ability to ignore moving old objects that occurs in two stages and develops later than the ability to ignore previewed stationary objects. The results are discussed in terms of underlying inhibitory mechanisms, in addition to individual differences in the expression of this ability. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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动态注意力的发展：针对 6-12 岁之间运动物体的基于时间的视觉选择。

大约 6 岁时，儿童可以使用基于时间的视觉选择来忽略视野中已有的静止刺激，并优先选择新到达的刺激。这种能力可以使用预览搜索来研究，预览搜索是视觉搜索范例的一个版本，添加了时间组件，其中一组干扰项在包含目标项目的第二组干扰项之前呈现（预览）。预览搜索比同时呈现所有项目更有效，这表明可以忽略暂时“旧”的对象（预览的好处）。在两项实验中，我们检查了 192 名 6 岁、8 岁和 12 岁儿童（49% 为女性，主要是白人）样本中基于时间的视觉选择的发展轨迹，并以成年人为对照（75% 为女性） ，主要是白人），在英国。结果显示，6 岁儿童缺乏忽略预知的移动干扰物的能力，并从 8 岁起证实了这种能力的存在。然而，这种能力的全面发展，包括长时间保持对预览项目的抑制，只有从 12 岁起才出现。执行功能（即抑制）的个体差异与 6 岁儿童的预览搜索效率有关，成年人。总体而言，结果表明，忽略移动的旧物体的能力的发展轨迹发生在两个阶段，并且比忽略预览的静止物体的能力发展得晚。除了这种能力表达的个体差异之外，还根据潜在的抑制机制讨论了结果。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。