The rapid expansion of aquaculture has led to increased demand for protein sources for feed production. Lipids and carbohydrates can serve as energy sources and induce a “protein-sparing” effect. However, excessive dietary lipids and carbohydrates may cause lipid accumulation in the liver, impair immune and antioxidant capacities, thus hidering the growth and meat quality of farmed fish. Bile acids are physiological detergents that are initially synthesized in the liver. They can not only accelerate absorption and transportation of lipid and lipid-soluble nutrients, but also regulate energy metabolism and health condition as molecular signals. Recent studies revealed that exogenous bile acids can maintain lipid and glucose homeostasis, improve fish health and growth performance hampered by high lipid or high carbohydrate diet. However, such beneficial effects are limited and vary with fish species. The mechanisms and theories behind the different results should be elucidated. Thus, this review aims to summarize the biosynthesis, metabolism, and circulation of bile acids, the mechanisms of exogenous bile acids on growth promotion, lipid and glucose homeostasis, antioxidant and immune capacities, as well as the crosstalk between bile acids and intestinal microbiota. This paper will provide a clear view of the mechanisms, prospects, and potential risks of using bile acids as feed additives in fish, which may benefit their further application in the aquatic feed industry.

水产养殖的快速扩张导致对用于饲料生产的蛋白质来源的需求增加。脂质和碳水化合物可以作为能量来源并诱导“节省蛋白质”的效果。然而，过多的膳食脂质和碳水化合物可能会导致肝脏中的脂质堆积，损害免疫和抗氧化能力，从而掩盖养殖鱼类的生长和肉质。胆汁酸是最初在肝脏中合成的生理去污剂。它们不仅可以加速脂质和脂溶性营养物质的吸收和运输，还可以作为分子信号调节能量代谢和健康状况。最近的研究表明，外源性胆汁酸可以维持脂质和葡萄糖的稳态，改善受高脂或高碳水化合物饮食阻碍的鱼类健康和生长性能。然而，这种有益效果是有限的，并且因鱼类而异。应该阐明不同结果背后的机制和理论。因此，本综述旨在总结胆汁酸的生物合成、代谢和循环，外源性胆汁酸促进生长、脂质和葡萄糖稳态、抗氧化和免疫能力的机制，以及胆汁酸与肠道微生物群之间的相互作用。本文将对胆汁酸作为鱼饲料添加剂的作用机制、前景和潜在风险提供一个清晰的认识，这可能有利于它们在水产饲料行业的进一步应用。胆汁酸的循环和循环，外源性胆汁酸促进生长、脂质和葡萄糖稳态、抗氧化和免疫能力的机制，以及胆汁酸和肠道微生物群之间的相互作用。本文将对胆汁酸作为鱼饲料添加剂的作用机制、前景和潜在风险提供一个清晰的认识，这可能有利于它们在水产饲料行业的进一步应用。胆汁酸的循环和循环，外源性胆汁酸促进生长、脂质和葡萄糖稳态、抗氧化和免疫能力的机制，以及胆汁酸和肠道微生物群之间的相互作用。本文将对胆汁酸作为鱼饲料添加剂的作用机制、前景和潜在风险提供一个清晰的认识，这可能有利于它们在水产饲料行业的进一步应用。