Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with unmet medical need. This investigation consisted of testing a range of ethanolic ethnomedicinal plant extracts (n = 18) traditionally used in the treatment of disorders such as anxiety, delirium, and memory loss. They were then screened for in vitro inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butylcholinesterase (BuChE), beta-secretase 1/beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), and antioxidant activities. Plants with potent activities were further characterised using a recently developed in vivo model of AD, Globodera pallida. The ability of phytoextracts to protect this organism against amyloid-beta Aβ (1-42) exposure was assessed by measuring chemosensing, survival rate, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant responses. Extracts (n = 5) from Juglans regia (leaves), Ellettaria cardamomum (seeds), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (bark), Salvia officinalis (leaves/flowers), and Hypericum perforatum (flowers) exerted concentration-dependent inhibitory activities against AChE and BuChE. Three of these plant extracts (i.e., J. regia, E. cardamomum, and S. officinalis) possessed strong concentration-dependent inhibitory activity against BACE1. Furthermore, the five selected medicinal plant extracts not only enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) the nematode’s chemosensing, survival rate, and antioxidant responses (i.e., anti-ROS production, mitochondrial reductase activity, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) ratio), but also greatly restored (p < 0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner the Aβ (1-42)-induced deleterious changes in these same parameters. In brief, this investigation highlights plant extracts with strong anti-AD activities which could be trialled as novel therapeutic supplements or undergo further biodiscovery research.

中文翻译：

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对 β-淀粉样肽 (Aβ)1-42 具有保护作用的民族药用植物表明在阿尔茨海默氏病的新体内模型中具有治疗潜力

阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，医疗需求未得到满足。这项调查包括测试一系列传统上用于治疗焦虑、精神错乱和记忆力减退等疾病的乙醇民族药用植物提取物 ( n = 18)。然后筛选它们对乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AChE)、丁基胆碱酯酶 (BuChE)、β-分泌酶 1/β-位点淀粉样前体蛋白 (APP) 裂解酶 1 (BACE1) 的体外抑制活性和抗氧化活性。使用最近开发的 AD 体内模型Globodera pallida进一步表征具有有效活性的植物. 通过测量化学感应、存活率、活性氧 (ROS) 的产生和抗氧化反应，评估了植物提取物保护该生物体免受淀粉样蛋白 Aβ (1-42) 暴露的能力。来自Juglans regia（叶）、Ellettaria cardamomum（种子）、Cinnamomum zeylanicum（树皮）、Salvia officinalis（叶/花）和贯叶连翘（花）的提取物（n = 5 ）对 AChE 和 BuChE 具有浓度依赖性抑制活性。这些植物提取物中的三种（即J. regia、E. cardamomum和S. officinalis) 对 BACE1 具有很强的浓度依赖性抑制活性。此外，五种选定的药用植物提取物不仅显着增强 ( p < 0.05) 线虫的化学感应、存活率和抗氧化反应（即抗 ROS 产生、线粒体还原酶活性、氧化型谷胱甘肽 (GSSG) 到还原型谷胱甘肽 (GSH)）比率)，但也以浓度依赖性方式大大恢复 ( p < 0.05) Aβ (1-42) 诱导的这些相同参数的有害变化。简而言之，这项研究突出了具有强抗 AD 活性的植物提取物，这些植物提取物可以作为新型治疗补充剂进行试验或进行进一步的生物发现研究。